This presentation introduced some of the recent findings about vocabulary learning and grammar instruction. Vocabulary has been neglected as an instructional focus, but recent studies have shown that vocabulary size has been found to affect both oral and reading proficiency more significantly than other linguistic materials. Learning Japanese vocabulary is considered very difficult because of a lack of lexical overlaps between English and Japanese and of the complexity of kanji. Therefore, this presentation introduces factors affecting vocabulary and kanji learning in Japanese and sample teaching tips are introduced. The participants will also work on creating teaching materials and tips of their own. In addition, this presentation introduces insights from studies in grammar instruction, and discuss how grammar should be introduced in commutative setting, what types of pair work is beneficial to improve grammar and conversation at the same time, and what kind of feedback should be given in classrooms.