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Emperor Jahangir was buried according to his last
wish: in Lahore, in Noor Jahan's old pleasure garden
known as Dilkusha Garden. The mausoleum is located
at Shahdara on the banks of the Ravi, three miles
northwest of the city. The east gateway
in the Akbar/Jahangir serai quadrangle, with its
tall Timurid aiwan, leads into an enormous garden
1540'x1540', in the centre of which stands the
magnificent sepulcher of Jahangir, considered by
some to be the "finest ornament of Lahore," and the
"most magnificent edifice in the subcontinent after
the Taj and the Qutub."
Although contemporary court accounts credit Shah
Jahan with the building of his father's tomb, it is
more likely to have been the result of Noor Jahan's
vision. The empress was a great patron of
architecture, having built several buildings and
gardens.
She designed her husband's tomb in 1627, taking as
model her parents' burial place, the tomb of
Itimad-ud-Daula in Agra. She also became a
permanent resident of Lahore after her husband's
death, and was thus in a position to influence the
design and construction of the monument. Dilkusha
Garden, which according to his own wish became the
resting place of Jahangir, was owned by none other
than the empress herself. In all fairness to Shah
Jahan, though, no expense was spared. The monument,
which was ten years in building, cost Rupees 10
lakhs.
The setting of the chahar bagh rauza (paradise
garden mausoleum) is skillfully accomplished. Its
four parterres are subdivided into sixteen divisions
by means of a brick geometric pavement flanking
narrow water channels and every intersection is
marked by an alternate octagonal and square talab
(tank).
A takhtgah mausoleum—it is placed on an enormous
takht or podium—is a square single storey structure,
its arcading of the ambulatory verandah of the inner
sanctuary being a dominant feature. A 100' high
tower capped by a marble cupola stands guard at each
corner, while the centre of each of its 267' sides
is accented by a slightly projecting peshtaq alcove.
The
minarets are inlaid with zigzag bands of variegate
marble and magnificent blocks of yellow stone.
The combination of red Sikri stone and white marble,
an arrangement echoing Humayun's tomb in Delhi, and
a rare treat for Lahore not least for its intricate
inlay, is impressive in its finesse and
sophistication. Where the external expression is
restrained in its dignified simplicity, internally
decorative surfaces present you the best of tile
mosaic and fresco that made Lahore famous in the
whole of the Mughal Empire.
As you enter the passage from the west which leads
to the marqad (grave/tombstone), a riot of
scintillating tile mosaic and decorative fresco,
among the best specimens that Lahore has to offer,
overwhelms the visitor—not an inch is left
unembellished, whether floor, walls or the ceiling.
The inner sanctuary is screened by a panel of fine
marble beehive fretwork. The sarcophagus itself
presents a pristine picture of the finest Mughal
pietra dura—an interlaced pattern and calligraphic
tour de force in marble, inlaid with semi-precious
stones.
Here lies the emperor, who was considered "one of
the mightiest Princes in Asia" by Thomas Roe, the
first English ambassador to the Mughal court. Among
the most powerful in the world, rather than the din
of war, Jahangir enjoyed the pleasurable pursuits of
feasts and entertainments, reveling in the company
of poets and singers.
The enjoyment of Jahangir's aesthete in gardens,
lakes and rivers, flora and fauna, is evident from
the innumerable studies that he commissioned of his favourite animals and a multitude of rare flowers
from artists of such eminence as Listad Mansur (or
Mansur Naqqash, as he is also known). An enlightened
connoisseur, his emissaries roamed the world for
rare manuscripts and paintings for the royal
library. His own memoirs, Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri or the
Jahangirnama along with memoirs of his
great-grandfather Babur, ranks among the best of its
genre. In contrast to the formal accounts by court
historians regarding other emperors, the tuzuk is
expressive of Jahangir's innermost thoughts, which
includes ovation for his wife Noor Jahan in no
uncertain terms.
The design of the sanctuary respected the wish of
the emperor, echoing the desire of his great
grandfather Babur, that his grave should be erected
in a manner that "rain and dew of heaven might fall
on it."
Although there is little truth in the 19th century
theory that the Sikhs removed a pavilion which
formed the second storey over the sanctuary, the
sepulcher did suffer from the vandalism of Lahna
Singh and Ranjit Singh. Further damage was caused to
the structure, when it was utilized as residence by
Ranjit Singh's French officer Mr. Amise, as well as
by Sultan Muhammad Khan, brother of Dost Muhammad
Khan of Afghanistan.
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