Characteristic | Brain | Stem | S.C. | Root | Plexus | Nerve | NMJ | Musc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | UMN | LMN | ||||||
Tone | ↑* | ↑* | ↑* | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | N | ↓ |
Reflexes | ↑* | ↑* | ↑* | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | N | ~↓ |
Plantars | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Bulk | N/~↓ | N/~↓ | N/~↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | N | ↓ |
Fasciculations | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - |
Sensory change | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - |
Cranial n. abN | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + |
Sphincter dysf. | - | - | + | -† | - | - | - | - |
Altered LOC | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
~ = relative or mild | ||||||||
* = depressed (flaccid) in acute phase | ||||||||
† = spinchter dysfunction is present in cauda equina syndrome |
March 26th, 2014 - Tom Nowacki