Many of us know diabetes is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke. But what we fail to realize is that diabetes - especially if left uncontrolled - can adversely impact our oral health and affect periodontitis (or gum disease).
Patients with undiagnosed and/or uncontrolled diabetes are more likely to develop a more severe form of periodontitis because of delayed wound healing and impaired immune response. Further, having untreated gum disease is also associated with significantly higher blood glucose levels in the body.
"Patients with poorly controlled glucose levels suffer from periodontitis more often than those with controlled levels. Therefore, practicing good oral hygiene and maintaining healthy blood sugar level is key," says Monica Gibson, periodontist and assistant professor at the School of Dentistry. "Patients who have uncontrolled diabetes respond less favorably to dental treatment. Elevated glucose levels lead to high levels of bad bacteria and decreases the healthy bacteria in the mouth. These bad bacteria make your mouth more susceptible to having periodontal tissues breakdown faster because your immunity is compromised."
Patients who have uncontrolled diabetes can show signs of delayed wound healing, mouth dryness, mouth ulcers, increased bone loss and increased severity of periodontitis.
"Controlling diabetes within a normal range set by your physician goes a long way in keeping your gum health in check," says Gibson. "Having any periodontitis issues treated also helps get your glucose tolerance under control. Get your sugar checked annually and follow the recommended protocol."
Tips for maintaining good oral health
- Brush your teeth twice a day
- Use traditional floss or a water flosser
- Always brush the inside of your cheeks, gums, roof of your mouth and tongue
- Visit your dentist regularly
- Visit your physician and ensure your blood sugar is within normal range