¿¬±¸ÀÇƲÀÌ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸·Î µµÃâµÈ°Ç°­°ú ÇÐ Áö½Äü¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ

¡¡

Sally Thorne, Gloria Joachim, Barbara Paterson, and Connie Canam

¡¡

Sally Thorne, RN, PhD, Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Gloria Joachim, RN, MSN, Associate Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Barbara Paterson, RN, PhD, Associate Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Connie Canam, RN, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

¡¡

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues Carol Jillings and Sonia Acorn to the insights deriving from the Chronic Illness Meta-Study Project. Funding for that project was from the Canadian Nurses Foundation, and the Fatigue project was funded by the British Columbia Fibromyalgia Society.

¡¡

Citation information:

Thorne, S., Joachim, G., Paterson, B., & Canam, C. (2002). Influence of the research frame on qualitatively derived health science knowledge. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 1 (1), Article 1. Retrieved DATE from http://www.ualberta.ca/~ijqm


ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ§Ä¡¿Í¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû ¼ºÇâÀÌ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù´Â Á¡À» ´ëü·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù ÇÏÁö¸¸, °ü·ÃºÐ¾ß³»ÀÇ Áö½ÄüµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·± ¿äÀε鿡 ÀÇÇØ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â, ¿¬±¸ÀÚ e µéÀÌ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ °á°úµéÀ» Á¾ÇÕÇØ°¡¸é¼­ ±× °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ¾òÀº ÅëÂû·Â¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹Ý¼ºÀû °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼ºÇâÀ» Áö´Ñ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ Áö½ÄÀÌ Çؼ®µÇ°í ÀÌÇصǾîÁö´Â ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¸î °¡Áö Àǹ®Á¡µéÀ» Á¦±âÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿ì¸® °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¸¸¼º ÁúȯÀÇ ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾òÀº ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ±â²¨ÀÌ Á¦°øÇØÁØ ¿¬±¸ µ¿·á Carol Jillings ¿Í Sonia Acorn ²² ¸ÕÀú °¨»ç¸¦ Ç¥ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â ij³ª´Ù °£È£»ç Àç´ÜÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀ» ÅëÇØ, ±×¸®°í ÇÇ·ÎÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â ºê¸®Æ¼½Ã Ä÷³ºñ¾ÆÁÖÀÇ Fibromyalgia Àç´ÜÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù.

ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ¿¬±¸ ¹®Á¦¸¦ À» ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â °üÁ¡ÀÌ, ÁøÇàµÉ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ÃæºÐÈ÷ Àνĵǰí ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±× ¿¬±¸°¡ ±â¿©ÄÚÀÚÇϴ ƯÁ¤ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÃֽŠÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ÀÌ·± ¿¬±¸ °á°úµéÀÌ Á¤È®È÷ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â´Â Èûµç ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸ÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡ ¶Ç´Â Âü°íÀÇ Æ²À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¿¬±¸ Ãø¸éÀÇ °ËÅ並 ÅëÇؼ­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °üÁ¡µéÀÌ °Ç°­°úÇп¡¼­ÀÇ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ Áö½Ä¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â Áö¸¦ »ìÆ캸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸¸¼º Áúȯ °æÇè ¿¬±¸¿Í ÇǷΰü·Ã¿¬±¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø µÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°í ü°èÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÅëÇØ, Áö½ÄÀÇ ¿¬±¸ °úÁ¤°ú °á°ú¹°¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² ÆÐÅÏÀ̳ª ÁÖÁ¦°¡ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ »ìÆ캸¾Ò´Ù. ¶Ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡¼­ ¾òÀº ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î, ¿ì¸®´Â ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸°á°ú¿¡ ¿¬±¸ ƲÀÌ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» Á» ´õ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀνÄÇÏ°í È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ºÎ¿¬ ¼³¸íÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°íÀÚ Çϸç, À̸¦ ÅëÇØ ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ Áö½ÄÀÌ °Ç°­°úÇаú °Ç°­°ü¸®¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ °­È­½ÃÅ°°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.

ºÐ¼® °úÁ¤ÀÇ ¹è°æ

¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁúÀû ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾òÀº °á°úµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ °÷ (Paterson, 2001; Paterson, Thorne & Dewis, 1998; Thorne & Paterson, 1998; Thorne, Paterson, Acorn, Canam, & Jillings, ÃâÆÇ Áß) ¿¡¼­µµ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ µÇ°ÚÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®°¡ Áö´Ñ °³º°ÀûÅëÂû·ÂÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¿¬±¸ ¹è°æÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¼ºÇâ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¼® (Ritzer, 1992; Zhao, 1991) À» ÃëÇØ »çȸÇп¡¼­ ¹ß´ÞµÈ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¿ëÇÏ¿©, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ÀÌ·Ð, ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸¹æ¹ý ±×¸®°í ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ·áºÐ¼® Àü·«µéÀ» ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â Á¾ÇÕÀû ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹üÀ§¸¦ ³ÐÇû´Ù (Paterson, Thorne, Canam & Jillings, 2001). µ¿·áµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ÆÀÀ» À̲ø°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¸¸¼º ÁúȯÀ» Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¿©·¯ Ãø¸é¿¡ ´ëÇØ 1980 ³â¿¡¼­ 1996 ³â »çÀÌ ÃâÆÇµÈ ¸ðµç ¿¬±¸ÀڷḦ °¡Áö°í ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ µé¾î°¬´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿¬±¸±âÁØ (ºÎ·Ï A ÂüÁ¶) ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ 292 °³ÀÇ ÃâÆÇ º¸°í¼­µé¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ŵµ, ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû Àü·«°ú ÀÚ·áÇؼ®¿¡ °üÇÑ °ü·Ã»çÇ×À» ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó, ¸¸¼ºÁúȯ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇöÇàÀÇ ºñ±³Àû °íÁ¤µÈ °³³äÈ­¿¡ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇÏ°í ¸¸¼º ÁúȯÀÚµéÀÌ È£¼ÒÇÑ °æÇèÀÇ ¹üÁÖµéÀ» ´õ Àß ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¸´Ù ÀüüÀûÀÌ°í Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ Çؼ®µéÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù (Paterson, 2001). 1999 ³â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø µÎ ¹ø° ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼­´Â Á» ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ °³³äÈ­ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¿©·¯ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÕÇϸ鼭 ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¶§±îÁö, º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³Î¸® ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö´ÂÁö ´ëÇØ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸µéÀ» °ËÅäÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù (Paterson, 2001). ÈÄ¼Ó ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸®¶ó ±â´ëµÇ¾ú´ø ÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¿¬°èÀÇ ÆÐÅÏÀº ƯÁ¤ Áúº´µéÀ» ¿¬±¸Çϴµ¥ ¾²¿´´ø °³³äÈ­ ÀÛ¾÷°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, °£ÁúÀ» ³«ÀÎ (Scambler & Hopkins, 1986; Schneider & Conrad, 1983) °ú ¿¬°á½ÃÅ°´Â ÃʱâÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â °ÅÀÇ ƒ»ê¾÷À Ç¥ÁØ„À µÇ¾î¹ö¸± ¸¸Å­ ¿À´Ã³¯±îÁöµµ °£Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù¸¥ Çؼ®À» ã¾Æº¸±â Èûµé´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ³«ÀÎÀÌ °£Áú°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ÀûÀýÇÑ °³³äÀ¸·Î ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö¸¸, ´Ù¸¥ Áúº´µéÀÌ »õ·Î¿î °ßÇظ¦ ³»³õ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ »çȸÀû ȯ°æ¿¡¼­µµ °£Áú°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬°è°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Àû¿ëµÇ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â º°·Î ¾Æ´Â ¹Ù°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

´Ù¸¥ Áúº´µéÀÇ °æ¿ì, ƯÁ¤ ¸¸¼º Áúȯ »óÅÂ¿Í °ü·ÃÇؼ­ À¯ÇàÇÏ´Â °³³äµéÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÆÐÅÏÀ¸·Î Àα⸦ ¾ò±âµµ, ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®±âµµ ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °æÇâÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, À¯¹æ¾Ï°ú ¿¬°èµÈ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ °³³äµéÀº ½Åü»ó Àå¾Ö (Cohen, Kahn & Steeves, 1998; Thorne & Murray, 2000) ¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ̾úÁö¸¸ Áö³­ 20 ³â°£ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé À¯¹æ¾ÏÀÌ Ã³À½¿¡´Â ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º (Hilton, 1998; Nelson, 1996) À¸·Î Ư¡Áö¾îÁø Áúº´À¸·Î ±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ¿µÀû º¯È­ (Coward, 1990; Peluzsi, 1997) ·Î Ư¡Áö¾îÁø Áúº´À¸·Î ±ÔÁ¤µÇ´Â º¯È­°¡ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°°ÀÌ ¾î¶² Áúº´µé¿¡¼± ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀüÇüÀû °³³äµéÀÌ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ªµµ ¹Ý·ÐÀÌ Á¦±âµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹Ý¸é ´Ù¸¥ Áúº´µé¿¡¼± ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ À¯»çÇÑ ÀڷḦ °¡Áö°íµµ À̵éÀ» ºñ±³Àû ´Ù¸¥ °³³äÀû ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áø °á°ú·Î Çؼ®ÇÏ°ï ÇÑ´Ù.

¸¹Àº Áúº´µéÀÌ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó ƯÁ¤ÇÑ °æÇèÀû °³³äµé·Î È®Àεʿ¡ µû¶ó, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °³³äµéÀº Á¾Á¾ ±× ´ÙÀ½ ¼¼´ëÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¹æÇâÀ» Àâ¾ÆÁÖ°í ±× Áúº´ÀÌ ÀÌÇصǴ ÀÌ·ÐÀû °üÁ¡À» Á¦½ÃÇØÁÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î °£ÁúÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÔ¿¡ À־ µ¶ÀÚµéÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ³«ÀÎÀ» À̾߱âÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °¡Á¤ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀÇ ÀÚü°¡ ÈûµéÁö¸¸, ³«Àο¡ °üÇÑ ¹®ÇåµéÀº °Ç¼±°ú °°ÀÌ ³í¸®»ó ¹ÝÁ¡À¸·Î ³²¾Æ ³«ÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸´Â »óȲ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ºñ±³Àû ¾ð±ÞÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æÇâÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. À¯»çÇÏ°Ô ¼ºÀû Ư¼º°ú ½Åü»óÀº ´ëü·Î °Ç°­°ü¸® Á¦°øÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯¹æ¾Ï °æÇèÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò¶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁöÁö¸¸, ¿°Áõ¼º Àå ÁúȯÀ̳ª ¸»±â ½ÅºÎÀüȯÀÚµéÀº ¼ºÀû Ư¼º°ú ½Åü»ó ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁöÁö¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù°í ÀÎ½ÄµÉ È®·üÀº ÈξÀ Àû´Ù. ¶Ç ÇǷΰ¡ ¸¶Ä§³» ¸¸¼º ÁúȯÀÇ µÎµå·¯Áø °æÇèÀû ¿ä¼Ò·Î¼­ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÀνĵǴµ¥ ¼º°øÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â ÁÖ·Î ¸¸¼º Áúȯ¿¡¼­ ¾ß±âµÇ´Â ÇÇ·Î¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ Çö»óÀ¸·Î ÀνĵȴÙ. Á¦°øµÈ 33 °³ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ (ºÎ·Ï B ÂüÁ¶) µéÀ» À¯»çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í Çؼ®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ Çö»ó¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿¬±¸¹æÇâ¿¡ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ÇǷο¡ °üÇÑ ºÐ¸íÇÑ °³³äµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Àû¾îµµ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¸ð¼ø°ú ºÒÀÏÄ¡µéÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù (Paterson, Canam, Joachim & Thorne, Àç°ËÅä Áß).

µÎ °¡Áö ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ÇöÇà Áö½ÄÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀÌÀÚ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀûÀÎ ±Ù°ÅµéÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ°í Çؼ®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á À̵éÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¹Àº ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸¼³°è¸¦ ÁÖ°üÁÖÀÇ ¹× »çȸÀû ±¸¼ºÁÖÀÇ¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ÀνķÐÀû ÁÖÀåµé·Î °¨½Î¸é¼­µµ, À¸·¹ ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ ƒÁø½ÇÀ °¡Ä¡„¶ó´ ¾ð¾î·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸°á°úÀÇ Àû¿ëÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ °øÀ¯µÈ Çö½ÇÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÎ °Íó·³ ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬À¯¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â °Ç°­°ü·ÃºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ°í, ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é¼­ Á¡Â÷ ¹ßÀüµÇ´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â Áö½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿©·¯ ÁÖÀåµéÀ» Àç°ËÅäÇÏ°íÀÚ ¸¶À½¸Ô°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ³íÀÇ¿¡¼± µÎ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ °æÇè¿¡ ºñÃß¾î ¿¬±¸ ƲÀÇ 4 °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ Ãø¸éµé - ¿ª»çÀû À§Ä¡, °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ¹æÇâ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇØ´ç ¿¬±¸ ³í¸®¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¹æ½Ä, ÇØ´ç ¿¬±¸°¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀû, öÇÐÀû ÀÔÀåµé, ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸ °á°úµéÀ» ³º´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû Àü·« - ÀÌ ³»Æ÷ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿ª»çÀû À§Ä¡

°Ç°­¹®Á¦¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ ¿©·¯ ¼¼´ë¿¡ °ÉÃÄ »çȸ °úÇÐ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â µ¿¾È, °Ç°­°úÇп¡¼­ÀÇ ÁúÀû Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ È®»êÀº 1980 ³â´ë ÃÊ¿¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. À̾îÁö´Â ¼¼´ë¿¡¼± °£È£»ç, ÀÇ»ç, »çȸº¹Áö»ç ¹× ÀçÈ° Ä¡·áÀü¹®°¡µéÀº ÁúÀû Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄµéÀÌ ¾çÀû Á¢±Ù ¹æ½Äµé·Î´Â ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø ³ÐÀº ¹üÀ§ÀÇ °Ç°­°ú °ü·ÃµÈ Àǹ®µéÀ» ´äÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ Áشٴ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºñ±³Àû ±Ù·¡ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼­ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ °Ç°­°úÇп¡¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌÇصǰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í Ư¼º¿¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº ¾î¶»°Ô À§Ä¡µÇ°í ¼³¸íµÇ´ÂÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ µ¶ÀÚµéÀÇ ±â´ë µî¿¡ ¾öû³­ º¯È­¸¦ °¡Á® ¿Ô´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû °æÇâÀº ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­µéÀÇ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ°ú Çü½ÄÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇϸç, ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ º¸°íµÈ ³»¿ëµéÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸°á°úÀÇ ÁúÀ» Æò°¡Çϴµ¥µµ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. »çȸ °úÇп¡¼­ÀÇ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸µéÀº ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î °¢ °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ±âÁØ¿¡ ¾Ë¸Â´Â ¹æ½ÄµéÀ» äÅÃÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í ÀÌÇصǾú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÃʱâÀÇ ¸¹Àº °Ç°­ ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­µéÀº »ç¿ëµÈ ¹æ¹ý°ú Àû¿ëµÈ ¿¬±¸ ¹æ½Ä¿¡ °üÇØ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ³íÀǵµ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿½Ã´ëÀÇ °Ç°­°úÇкоßÀÇ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº, ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­ °ÍÀº Á¦´ë·Î ÀÌÇØµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â Çй®Àû dzÅä¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ·Á ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀÌ Àû¿ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ¹æ½Ä ±× ÀÚü»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ¹æ½ÄµéÀ» µµÃâÇÏ°ÔµÈ ÀνķÐÀû ±â¹Ý¿¡ °üÇؼ­µµ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¼³¸í°ú ±Ù°ÅÀڷḦ Á¦ÃâÇϵµ·Ï ¿ä±¸¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ 20 ³âÀÇ ±â°£µ¿¾È, °Ç°­°ü·Ã ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼± ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦µéÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ¸¸ ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í Çؼ®µÇ°í, ¶Ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô °³³äÈ­µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â °æÇâµéÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î 1980 ³â´ë Ãʹݿ¡´Â ¸¸¼º ÁúȯÀÌ °³º°Àû ÀÌ·Ð ½Çü·Î ÀÌÇصȴٴ °³³äÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ Ãʱâ´Ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¸¸¼º Áúȯ°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸µéÀº °³º°Àû Áúº´ ¹üÁÖ ³»¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸ Åä´ë°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³À¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ¸¸¼º Áúȯ°úÀÇ °ü·Ã¼ºÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ °á°úµé°ú ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿¬°èµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÏ´ÜÀÇ ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ ¹ßÀüµÊ¿¡ µû¶ó ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸¼³°è¿Í ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇسª°¬À¸¸ç, ¾î¶² ¿¬±¸¹æ½ÄµéÀº ƯÁ¤Áúº´°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¿¬±¸¿¡ º¸´Ù ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ´ç´¢º´À» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±Ù°Å ÀÌ·Ð ¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡ ²ø·È´ø ¹Ý¸é ´Ù¹ß¼º °æÈ­ÁõÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ³»·¯Æ¼ºê Ž±¸¹æ½ÄÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Àǹ®Á¡µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Á³´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÆÐÅϵéÀº Â÷·Ê·Î ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Áúȯµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ü½ÉºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¿µÀº ÀڽŵéÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ À̵éÀÌ ¾î¶² ¿äÀÎÀ̳ª Ư¡µé¿¡ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ï¾î¾ßÇÒÁö µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã°£Àû ƲÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡¼­, ¸î¸î ¿¬±¸µéÀº ÀÌ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î ÀÚ¸®Àâ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í Èļӿ¬±¸µéÀÇ ±â¹ÝÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸¸¼º ÁúȯÀ» ÅëÇØ °Þ´Â »ó½Ç°ú °íÅë¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÐ Charmaz ÀÇ Ãʱ⠿¬±¸ (Charmaz, 1983) ´Â Áúº´À» °Þ¾î°¡´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ °Ç°­À» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÐ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹Ý¹ÚµÇ±â Àü±îÁö ¾à 10 ³âÀÌ»ó °Ç°­°ü·Ã ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß¸¦ Áö¹èÇÏ¿´´Ù (Thorne & Paterson, 1998). ¸¸¼º ÁúȯÀÇ °æ·Î¿¡ °üÇÑ Strauss ÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ ¿¬±¸ (1975) ´Â ´Ù¹ß¼º °æÈ­ÁõÀ̳ª ·ù¸ÓƼ½º¼º °üÀý¿° - ÇǷΰ¡ ¸¸¼º Áúȯ°æÇèÀÇ ÁÖ¿äƯ¡À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áúº´¿¡¼­¶ó°í ÀÓ»óÀü¹®°¡µéÀº ÁÖÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù - °ú °°Àº Áúº´º¸´Ù´Â ÀÏÂ÷¼º ÇÇ·Î ÁõÈıº (CFS ¿Í °°Àº) À̳ª Ä¡·áÀû ÁßÀç (À¯¹æ¾Ï È­ÇÐ ¿ä¹ý°ú °°Àº) ÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾îÁø °æÇèÀû ÁøÇà°úÁ¤ÀÇ ÆÐÅÏÀ» Àß º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ À־ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ¹è°æÀ» ÅëÇØ µå·¯³ª´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ³íÀÇÁ¡Àº °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ÀÚ±â Áý´ÜÁÖÀÇ¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¿©, Çй®ÀÇ ¹üÁÖ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¹ßÀüÇÑ ÇÐÁ¦°£ÀÇ »óÈ£ ģȭ¼ºÀÇ Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¿©·¯ ¿¬±¸ ¹æÇâÀÇ Æ² ¾È¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸°í¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ¾î¶² À̵éÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ¹æÇâ Ʋ¿¡¸¸ ±¹ÇÑÇÏ¿© ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ¾î¶² ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼¼°èÀû Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ Ž±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é ¾î¶² À̵éÀº ÇÑ ±¹°¡, ¾ð¾îÁý´Ü ¶Ç´Â ¸î ¸î °£Ç๰µéÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ ÁýÇյ鸸À¸·Î ±×µéÀÇ Å½±¸ ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ÇÑÁ¤½ÃŲ´Ù. ¾ð¾îÀû °æ°è¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸, ƯÈ÷ ¿À´Ã³¯°ú °°Àº ÀüÀÚ Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ½Ã´ë¿¡¼­ À¯·´°ú ºÏ¹Ì ±¹°¡±Ç »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â ÇÊ¿ä ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î °³³äÀû Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â µí ÇÏ´Ù.

±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ, °¢°¢ÀÇ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ µå·¯³»´Â ¿ª»çÀû ¸Æ¶ôÀº À̵éÀÌ ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼­ Èï¹Ì ÀÖ°í ¼­·Î °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö, ¶Ç ÀÌ Áß¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² Áö½ÄµéÀ» ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ¾î¶² ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸ ¹®Á¦¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇؾßÇÏ´ÂÁö, ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû Àü·«À» »ç¿ëÇؾßÇÏ´ÂÁö, ¶Ç ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ¾î¶² ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÉ °ÍÀÎÁö µîÀ» Á¤Çϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ÇÔ²², ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ ¾î¶² Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇØ¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ±â¿©¸¦ ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§, ½ÅÁßÈ÷ °í·ÁÇؾßÇÒ ¸î °¡Áö ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ª»çÀûÀÌ°í ¸Æ¶ôÀûÀÎ ¿äÀεéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

°³º° Çй®ÀÇ ¹æÇâ  ¼³Á¤

°Ç°­ ¹× »çȸ °úÇп¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­µéÀ» °ËÅäÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ µå·¯³ª°Ô µÇ´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀû º¯ÇüÀÌ µÎµå·¯Áø Çü½Ä Áß Çϳª´Â, ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ À¯»çÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Âµ¥ À¯»çÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ» »ç¿ëÇßÀ» ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ ¿¬±¸¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â °³º°Çй®ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀúÀÚÀÇ °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ¹æÇâ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀúÀÚÀÇ ½Å·Úµµ¿¡ µû¶ó ¸íÈ®È÷ ¸í½ÃµÇ±âµµ ÇÏ°í, ¿¬±¸ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾îÁö´Â Àú³ÎÀÇ µ¶ÀÚµéÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³»Æ÷µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº Á¡Â÷ ±×µéÀÇ °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ¹üÀ§ ¹Û¿¡¼­ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁ³±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ ƯÁ¤ º¸°í¼­ÀÇ Çй®Àû ¼ºÇâÀ» ÆǺ°Çϱâ´Â ¾î·Á¿ï ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÁ¤ ÀúÀÚµéÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ ÀοëµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Âü°í¹®Çå ¸ñ·Ï°ú, ±×µéÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ ÀοëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº Âü°í¹®Çå ¸ñ·ÏÀ» »ó¼¼È÷ Àо´Â °Íµµ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö  ÀÖ´Ù; ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ±×°ÍÀº ƯÁ¤ ¿¬±¸ ¹æÇâÀÇ ³í¸®Àû Ãø¸éÀÌ ÇØ´ç ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¹è°æÁö½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀνĵǾî¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Á¦½ÃÇØÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀοëµÈ Âü°í¹®Çå ¸ñ·ÏÀÇ ¿­¶÷ ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¿¬±¸º¸°í¼­ ³»¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ ¾ð¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¼­, ȤÀº ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­ ¼Ó¿¡ ³»Æ÷µÈ ÇÔÃàÀûÀÎ °¡Á¤µé µîµµ ¾î´À ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â Çй®Àû ¼ºÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇØÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼öÁØÀÇ Á¤¹ÐÇÔÀº ƯÁ¤ Çй®ÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀÌ, ÀúÀÚÀÇ Çй®ÀûÀÎ Áغñ³ª Àü°ø ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ¾ú´ø °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù  ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î »çȸ °úÇÐÀû ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹ÞÀº °Ç°­°ü¸® Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ÇÑ °¡Áö ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀÇ Çй®Àû ¼ºÇâÀ» °¡Áö°í ½á ³ª°¥ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÅ¸ÀϷεµ ¾µ ¼ö  ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÀÌ  µÎ  °¡Áö ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀ» °°ÀÌ Á¢¸ñÇؼ­ ½á ³ª°¥ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °³º°Çй®ÀǼºÇâ¿¡  µû¸¥  ³­ÇØÇÔÀº   ±×µéÀÇ »ó´ëÀû Æí°ßµéÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤°ú ±×·¯ÇÑ Æí°ßµéÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú¶ó°í ÁÖÀåµÇ´Â °á°ú¹°¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´ÂÁö¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» ÇÑÃþ ´õ º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

¾î¶² ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼­µµ °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ¹æÇâ¼³Á¤Àº ¿¬±¸¹®Á¦ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Àǹ®Á¡µéÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â ¹æ½Ä, ÀÚ·áÀÇ ¼öÁý°ú ºÐ¼®, ±×¸®°í »êÃâµÇ´Â ±¸ °á°úµé¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù  (Thorne, 2001).   ÀÌ°°Àº  ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­  º¼  ¶§, ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÎÁö¿Í °¨Á¤ÀÇ ¹®¼­È­ °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀû ¸ñÀûÀ̶ó´Â °¡Á¤¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î, »çȸÇÐÀÚµéÀº °³º°ÀûÀÎ ÀÎÁö °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¾î¶² ¸ð½ÀÀÏ Áö¿¡´Â º° °ü½ÉÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ´ë½Å Çൿ ÆÐÅÏ, »çȸÀû ±â´ë ¹×  °Ç°­°ü¸®³»ÀÇ ¹®È­Àû ±Ô¹ü µî¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃá´Ù (Gerhardt, 1990). ÀηùÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÁÖ·Î °Ç°­°ú Áúº´¿¡ °üÇÑ ½Å³ä ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÆÐÅϵéÀ» ¹®¼­È­ÇÏ°í, À̵éÀ» ´õ  Å«  »çȸÀû, ¹®È­Àû ±×¸®°í ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Á¶Á÷»óÀÇ ±¸Á¶ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çй®¿¡¼­ µµÃâµÈ ¾ð¾î»ç¿ë, ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ý ¹×  Áú¹®µéÀº À¯»çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °³º°Çй®ÀÇ °æ°è¸¦ ³Ñ¾î¼­ Çؼ®ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇغ¼ ¶§ ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¿¬±¸ÀÚµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¾î¶² Çй®ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿î Áö½ÄÀ» ½ÀµæÇÏ°Ô²û ÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù°í È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀÎÅͺ䳪 °üÂûÀÇ ±âȸ°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁ³À» ¶§, °¢°¢ÀÇ »çȸ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã°¢À¸·Î Çö»óÀ» º¼ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÀÇ¹Ì ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®°ú ÇÔ²² ±×·¯ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Àǹ̰¡ À¯ÃߵǾîÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ºÐ¼®Çϴµ¥ À־µµ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ Ã߷аúÁ¤À» ¾µ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.  »çȸ°úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß¿Í´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î, °Ç°­°úÇÐÀÇ Çй®Àû °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÀÓ»ó ½Ç¹«¿¡ Àû¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÇ ½ÀµæÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÓÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù.   ±×µéÀº ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ÀÇ Àǹ®Á¡À̳ª Çؼ®À» »çȸ°úÇÐÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ±¸Á¶¿¡  ¿¬°è½ÃÅ°´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì »çȸ °úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ÀÚÀÇ ±×°Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àǵµ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÓÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù (Wellard, 1998). ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸º¸°í¼­µéÀ» ÅëÇØ µå·¯³µµíÀÌ, °Ç°­°úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â ±× ½ÃÀÛ°ú ³¡ÀÌ ÀÓ»óÀû ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù (Miller & Crabtree, 1999). ¹°·Ð, ±×µé ¿ª½Ã ÀÏ¹Ý ÀÌ·ÐÀû ÁÖÁ¦µé°ú »çȸ °úÇÐÀû °³³äÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í À̵鿡 ÀÇÁ¸Çϱâ´Â Çϳª, »çȸ°úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû Ç¥Áغ¸´Ù´Â ÈξÀ ´ú ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀÌ°í, ´õ¿í ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÀ¿ë ¹æ½ÄÀ» µû¸¥´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¿ø¸®µé°ú ÀϹÝÀû Áö½ÄÀ» ÀÎÁöÇϸç À̸¦ ±âº» Åä´ë·Î »ï°í ÀÖ±â´Â Çϳª, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû Áö½ÄÀÌ ½Ç¹«¿¡ ÀÀ¿ëµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç·Êµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ °æ¿ìµé¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾î ¹ßÀü½ÃÄÑ ³ª°£´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, °Ç°­°úÇкоßÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀ» °¡Áø ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº »çȸ°úÇÐºÐ¾ß ¿¬±¸Àڵ鿡 ºñÇØ ±×µéÀÇ Å½±¸¸¦ °Å´ë ÀÌ·ÐÀû ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ ¸ÂÃß´Â ÀÏÀÌ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù.   °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î, À̷п¡ Ãæ½ÇÇÑ »çȸ°úÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ °ßÁöÇØ º¼ ¶§  °Ç°­°úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿¬±¸°á°ú´Â ȸÀÇÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ºñÆǹޱ⠽¬¿î °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Èï¹Ì·Î¿î °ÍÀº ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ ÇÐÁ¦°£ ¿¬±¸ÆÀµéÀÌ ´Ã¾î³²¿¡ µû¶ó, ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¿¬±¸°¡ ±×  ³»¿ë¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ »çȸ°úÇаú °Ç°­°úÇÐÀÇ ½Ã°¢¿¡ Æí½ÂÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ¸î  ¸îÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ À־´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­µéÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ¹æÇâÀÇ º¹ÇÕÀû ÇüŸ¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©·¯ °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °üÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÂûÀ» ÅëÇØ , ¿ì¸®´Â ¿¬±¸º¸°í¼­ÀÇ Çü½Ä°ú ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ºÐ¾ßº° Çй®ÀÇ °£Çà±âÁØ°ú ÇÔ²² , ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿¬±¸³»¿ëÀÌ °£ÇàµÇ¾î ³Î¸® º¸±ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Æ²À» »ìÆ캼 ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Áö±Ý²¯ ¸î  ¸î  »çȸ°úÇÐ Àú³ÎµéÀº ƯÈ÷ ±× ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ »çȸ°úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ºÐ¾ßÀÇ °íÀ¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ̶ó°í °¡Á¤µÉ ¶§, ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÇ Àû¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ ³íÀÇ´Â ÇÇÇÏ·Á°í ÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àú³Îµé¿¡ Åõ°íµÇ´Â ¿¬±¸º¸°í¼­µéÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¾î¶² ¿¬±¸°á°ú¿¡ À̸£°Ô ÇÑ Ã߷аúÁ¤À» ´Ù¸¥ Çй®Àû ¹è°æ¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ°í ½É»çÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ µµÀüÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö  ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´ëÁ¶·Î ¸î  ¸î  °Ç°­°úÇÐ Àú³ÎµéÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç Ãø¸é¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºñÆÇÀûÀÎ °íÂûÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó °ü·Ã ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­µéÀº ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹ß°ßÇÑ ³»¿ë ÀÚüº¸´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸µµ±¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ÇØ´ç ¿¬±¸ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ¿í ¸¹Àº ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ×µéÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ¿´´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö  ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, µ¶ÀÚµéÀÌ ¾î¶² ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹ß°ßÇÑ ³»¿ëµé·Î ¾î¶°ÇÑ ½Ã°¢À» ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ºñÆÇÀûÀ¸·Î Çؼ®Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â , ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í °³º°Çй®ÀÇ    ÀÌ·ÐÀû Åä´ëÀÇ Æ¯¼º »Ó   ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× ºÐ¾ßÀÇ Çй®Àû °ü½ÀÀÇ ÀüÅë¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ ÀÌÇظ¦ ÇÒ ¼ö  ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÒ  °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ·Ð ¹×  öÇÐÀû  Åä´ë

ºñ·Ï °Ç°­°ü·Ã¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¿Í ¾çÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ±â¼úµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ̱â´Â Çϳª , ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±¸ºÐ¹æ½ÄÀº °¡²û¾¿ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÇüÅ·ΠºÐ·ùµÇ´Â ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ý·ÐµéÀÇ ¹üÀ§ ³»¿Í ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý·Ðµé°£¿¡ Æø³ÐÀº ÀνķÐÀû, Á¸Àç·ÐÀû Â÷À̵é (variations) ÀÇ ±¸ºÐÀ» ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù (Frankel, 1999). ¾ð±ÞÇÑ Â÷À̵éÀº  ÇÑ  ¿¬±¸°¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »çÇ×µéÀ» Åä´ë·Î ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ¹®Çå, ¹«¾ùÀÌ Áö½ÄÀ» ±¸¼ºÇϴ°¡¿¡ °üÇØ Çü¼ºµÈ °¡Á¤, ±×¸®°í ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ Åä´ë·Î Á¤´çÈ­µÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÖÀåµé. °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ¹æÇâ ¼³Á¤Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò´Â °á°úÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû, öÇÐÀû Åä´ë¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÇÑÆí, ±×°ÍÀº #51204;ÇüÀûÀ¸·Î ±× ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤°ú ¿¬±¸°á°ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ´õ¿í ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû, öÇÐÀû ÀÔÀå ³»¿¡ ±íÀÌ »Ñ¸®¸¦ ³»¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ Çй®ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº °¢ÀÚ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â ÀüÁ¦ÇÏ¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌÁ¦ »ç°í¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ƯÁ¤ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÆíÇâµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â Â÷À̵鿡 ´«À» µ¹¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû, öÇÐÀû ƲÀº °¢°¢ ÇØ´ç ¿¬±¸¿¡ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö  ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Â÷À̵éÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Áö±Ý²¯ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿Ô´ø °ÍµéÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú, À̸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁø °Íµé°ú ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ Á» ´õ  ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀÔÀå¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÇ ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀº ÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ¼±ÇàµÈ ÀÌ·ÐÀû, öÇÐÀû ¹®Çåµé¿¡ Åä´ë¸¦ µÎ´Â Á¤µµ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×µéÀÌ °¢±â °¡Áö´Â ±â´ëÄ¡¿¡ µû¶ó #51032;°ßÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (Sandelowski, 1993).   ¸î   ¸î °æ¿ì¿¡ À־, ÇÑ  ¿¬±¸´Â ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸ºÐ¾ß (Áúº´°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ÇÇ·Î¿Í °°Àº) ³»ÀÇ ¸ðµç Áö½Ä¿¡ Åä´ë¸¦ µÎ°í Çü¼ºÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í °¡Á¤µÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ¶Ç  ´Ù¸¥ °æ¿ì¿¡ À־´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ °æÇèÀû Áö½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡°¡ ¾î¶² »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸¹®Á¦¸¦ ÆľÇÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î Çʼö ºÒ°¡°áÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀνĵȴÙ. ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀúÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÊ¿äÁ¶°ÇÀ» ´ÜÁö ¿¬±¸º¸°í ÀÚ·á (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÇÇ·ÎÃøÁ¤¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸Ã³·³) ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤ (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÇǷΰæÇèÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î °æÇèÇÑ È¯ÀÚµéÀÇ Áø¼úÀ» Åä´ë·Î ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìó·³) À»  »õ·Î¿î Ž±¸ÀÇ Åä´ë¿Í ¿¬°üµÇ´Â °Í Á¤µµ·Î Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÚ·á ¼öÁý°ú ºÐ¼®°úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Í³³Àû Ãß·Ð ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ³Ê¹« Ä¡¿ìÄ¡Áö ¾Ê±â À§ÇØ ¾ÆÁ÷ °ËÁõµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº Áö½Ä¿¡ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ½Å°æÀ» ¾²´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸î  °¡Áö ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.   ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸î ¸î  ½ÇÁ¸Àû Çö»óÇаú Çؼ®ÇÐÀû ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³íÀïÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î °³³äÀ» ÀçâÁ¶Çϱ⺸´Ù´Â, ¸ðµç ¼±ÀÔ°ßµéÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÁßÁöÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¾îÁø ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ »õ·Î¿î °üÁ¡¿¡¼­  °íÂûÇØ º¼  °ÍÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù (Schwandt, 1997). ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ÁÖÁöÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ƯÁ¤ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ÅëÇÑ ¿¬±¸ °á°úÀÇ ½Å·Úµµ¿Í °¡Ä¡¸¦ ÀÎÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·Á¿öÁö¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µµÃâµÈ °á°ú¸¦ Åä´ë·Î ƯÁ¤ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â °Í ¿ª½Ã ¾î·Á¿öÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù (Smith, 1990).

¶ÇÇÑ °³º°Çй®µéÀÇ ¹üÀ§ ³»¿¡¼­¿Í ÀÌµé °³º°Çй®µé°£¿¡, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀúÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ »ç¿ëÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä¿¡ À־µµ »ó´çÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÇØ´çÇй®ºÐ¾ß, ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ý·Ð, ȤÀº ¿¬±¸ÀÚÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû ¼±È£µµ (ȤÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¹Ú»ç³í¹® Áöµµ±³¼öÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû ¼±È£µµ¿¡ µû¶ó) ¿¡  µû¶ó ¸î  ¸î  ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº °ú°¨È÷ ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸°¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¹ßÀüÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ ÆľǵÊÀ» ¹àÈù ´ÙÀ½, ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ¹æÇâÀ» ÀÏ°ü¼º ÀÖ°Ô À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. À̵é°ú ±¸ºÐµÇ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸°¡ Ãâ¹ßÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¹è°æ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¼¼ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ð±ÞÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿¬±¸°á°úÀÇ µ¶Ã¢¼ºÀÌ ÀúÇصǴ °ÍÀ» ²¨·ÁÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ¶Ç  ´Ù¸¥ ¸î  ¸î  ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ·ÐÀû Áö½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¼­´Â Á¦½ÃÇ쵂 µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô ƯÁ¤ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Á¦½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â  ÀúÀÚµéÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÈ Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ÆÁ÷ Á¤È®È÷ ¹àÇôÁø °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿¬±¸³»¿ëÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ÁÖÁö½ÃÅ°°í, ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¹æ¹ýÀÇ Çʿ伺À» Á¤´çÈ­Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ôµµ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù¸¥ Çü½ÄÀ» ÃëÇϰųª ´Ù¸¥ Çй®Àû °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ µµÃâµÇ¾ú°Å³ª ¶Ç´Â ÀúÀÚÀÇ °ËÅä¹æ¹ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸¹æ¹ýÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇмúÀû Àú¼úÀ» ÈçÈ÷ ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¹æ¹ý¿¡ À־ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¹æÇâ¼³Á¤¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±âÀÌÇÑ Æ¯Â¡Àº ¸î ¸î ÀúÀÚµéÀÌ °ú°¨È÷ ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ À̷а³¹ßÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â ¿¬±¸ °á°úµéÀ» »óÈ£ ¿¬°á, ÀÀ¿ëÇϰųª Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀ» ¸ðµÎ Æ÷±âÇعö¸°´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿¬±¸¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ³ªÅ¸³»°í Àִ°¡¿Í´Â °ü·Ã ¾øÀÌ ÇØ´ç Çй®ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¹üÀ§ ³»¿¡¼­ ƯÁ¤ ¿¬±¸ ³»¿ëÀÇ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ¿ËÈ£Çϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ºñÆÇÀûÀÎ ½Ã°¢À» °¡Áø µ¶ÀÚ¶ó¸é ÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ À̷п¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ°í Àִ°¡¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû Åä´ë¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú³ª ȤÀº Çü¼ºµÇÁö ¸øÇß³ª¸¦ »ìÆ캼 ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù (Sandelowski, 1993). ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ¿¡ ¸øÁö ¾ÊÀº Á߿伺À» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â Á» ´õ  ¼¼¹ÐÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû Åä´ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Çö»ó ¹× Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÇ Æ¯¼º°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ±×°¡ ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÀνķÐÀû, Á¸Àç·ÐÀû ÀÔÀåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÁÖ°üÀû ȤÀº °´°üÀû Áö½ÄÀÇ »ó´ëÀû ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í Á߿伺Àº ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Â ¹®Á¦, ÇüÅ ¹×  Çؼ®¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸¸ÀÏ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ °Ç°­ ¹®Á¦¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÇÇ·Î Áõ¼¼¸¦ °¡Áø ȯÀÚ¸¦ ÀÎÅͺäÇϸ鼭 ÇöÀ忬±¸¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÚµéÀÌ Á¦°øÇÑ ÁÖ°üÀû ÀλóÀº °´°üÀû Çö½Ç¼ºÀÇ Áõ°Å Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °üÁ¡À¸·Î Çؼ®ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö  ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ¿Í ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÚ°£ÀÇ »óÈ£ ÁÖ°üÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡ÀÇ Çü¼ºÀ¸·Î Çؼ®µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ȤÀº ÀÚÁÖ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »çȸÀû ´ã·ÐÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ °æÇèÀ¸·Î Çؼ®µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¼­·Î ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çö»ó°ú °ü·ÃÁö¾î ¾îµð¿¡ »ç½ÇÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í, ¶Ç  ±×·¯ÇÑ Çö»ó¿¡ °´°üÀû »ç½ÇÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö  ÀÖ´Â Áö  ¾ø´ÂÁö¿¡ °üÇØ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸¥ öÇÐÀû ÀÔÀåÀ» ÃëÇÑ´Ù (Altheide  & Johnson, 1994; Kvale, 1995; Lincoln, 1995). ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¾î¶² ¿¬±¸Àڴ  ÅëÁõÀ̳ª ÇǷΰ¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ °³ÀÎÀÇ È£¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ¶Ç  ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ´Â ÁÖ°üÀû º¸°í¸¦ °­È­Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÓ»óÀû ÃøÁ¤¹æ¹ýÀ̳ª °³ÀÎÀÇ Çൿ¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¡ÈÄ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ð±ÞÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÃëÇÏ°í Àִ öÇÐÀû ÀÔÀå°ú °ü·ÃÁö¾î Á¦±âÇÏ´Â ±×µéÀÇ È®°íÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾îÁú ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í , ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÆÁ÷ Çؼ®µÇÁö ¸øÇÑ ¿øÀڷḦ °á°ú·Î ÁÖÀåÇϰųª ȤÀº ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÚµéÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀû Çؼ®ÀÇ Å¸´çµµ¸¦ ³ôÀÌ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû ¼±ÅÃÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡¼­ À¯ÃߵǾîÁú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

µû¶ó¼­, ƯÁ¤ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Çй®Àû ±â¿© °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¿¬±¸ÀÚÀÇ ¸í½ÃÀûÀÌ°í ¾Ï¹¬ÀûÀÎ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¹× öÇÐÀû ÀÔÀåÀº ¿Ö  ±×  ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ Áß½ÃµÇ¾î ¼³¸íÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ¾î¶°ÇÑ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ±× ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇØÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×  ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ µ¶ÀÚ¿¡°Ô »ç½ÇÀû ÁÖÀåÀ» Á¦½ÃÇϴ°¡ ȤÀº ÇÑ Çö»óÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ´Ù¸¥ ´ëüÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦½ÃÇϴ°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ±× ¿¬±¸°á°úÀÇ Çؼ®¹æ½Ä°ú ÇöÀç ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿¬±¸ºÐ¾ß³ª ½Ç¹«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àû¿ë¹æ½Ä¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áö´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù.

¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû Àü·«

ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ÃëÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû Á¢±ÙÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû À§Ä¡, °³º°Çй®ÀÇ ¹æÇâ ¹× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀû °üÁ¡¿¡ »ó´çÈ÷ ÆíÇâµÇ¾îÁö±â´Â Çϳª, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ý·ÐµéÀº ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¿¬±¸°¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» Çؼ®Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ´õ¿í ÁøÁöÇÑ °ËÅä°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÔÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â Ãø¸éµµ ³»Æ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¼ºÁúȯ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿ì¸®´Â ¾à 300 °³¿¡ °¡±î¿î ¼ºÀÎ ¸¸¼º Áúȯ°æÇè¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸µéÀ» ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. »çȸ°úÇÐÀÇ ¹üÁÖ ³»¿¡¼­ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ °³º°Çй®ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³Î¸® ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» °í¼öÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½Çµµ ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ Áï ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº Çö»óÇÐÀû ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» , ÀηùÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¹®È­±â¼úÁöÀû Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

°Ç°­°úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¹üÁÖ ³»¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àǹ®Á¡µéÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î À¯Çüµé°ú °æÇâÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÁÖÀåµéÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¿ì¼¼¿Í À¯ÇàÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÊ¿¡ µû¶ó ±×·¯ÇÑ À¯ÇüµéÀÌ ½Ã´ë¿¡ µû¶ó º¯È­ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÖÁöÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÇ ¹æÇâÀ» ¸íÈ®È÷ Á¦½ÃÇÑ ¿¬±¸µé (Àüü ¿¬±¸»ùÇÃÀÇ 64%) Áß¿¡¼­ 29% ´Â  ±Ù°Å ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¿¬±¸¿´À¸¸ç, 25% ´Â Çö»óÇÐÀû ¹æ¹ý·Ð, ±×¸®°í 13% °¡  ¹®È­±â¼úÁöÀû ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» äÅÃÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿´´Ù. ±×  ¿Ü 33% ´Â   ±×´ÙÁö µÎµå·¯ÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» äÅÃÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ³»·¯Æ¼ºê Ž±¸, ÁúÀû »ç·ÊºÐ¼®, ´ã·Ð ºÐ¼®, Âü¿©Çൿ¿¬±¸, ÀÚ¿¬ÁÖÀÇÀû Ž±¸, Æä¹Ì´ÏÁò ¹æ¹ý·Ð, Àü±âÀû ºÐ¼® µî°ú °°Àº °ÍµéÀ̾ú´Ù. 1980 ³â´ë¸¸ ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ »çȸ°úÇаú °Ç°­°úÇÐ ºÐ¾ß ¸ðµÎ ƒÀö¸£º °„ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¹æ¹ýÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇϰųª, ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¸í¸íÀÌ µÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹æ¹ý·ÐµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇßÀ¸³ª, ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß°¡ Á¡Â÷ ¼º¼÷µÊ¿¡ µû¶ó È®½ÇÇÑ ¸íĪÀ» °¡Áø ƯÁ¤ ¹æ¹ý·Ðµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±È£µµ°¡ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÃÊÁ¡°ú ¹æ¹ý·Ð »çÀÌÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ÆľÇÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿¬±¸¼³°è¿Í °á°ú ±×¸®°í ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÅëÂû·ÂµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¿ì¸®´Â ³»·¯Æ¼ºê ºÐ¼® ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ Áúº´µé  (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÈÄõ¼º ¸é¿ª°áÇÌÁõ, ´Ù¹ß¼º °æÈ­Áõ ¹×  ¾Ï°ú °°Àº) À»  ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¸Å¿ì ÀÚÁÖ ¾²ÀÌ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ´ç´¢º´ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÀÌ  º´À» ¾Î´Â ȯÀÚµéÀÇ ¸¹Àº ¼ö°¡ ¿©·¯ ¸¸¼ºÁúȯÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÊ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í À§ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ ´ç´¢º´°ú °°Àº Áúº´ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡´Â ¿¬°üµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â Á¡À» °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °üÂûÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶² ¿¬±¸¿¡ À־ÀÇ °¡Á¤, Áï ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Áúº´¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á»´õ Æò¹üÇϰųª Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô ƒ¸»ÇØÁ À̾߱⸦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ´ë»óÀÚ°¡ ´©±¸ÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àǹ®À» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °¢ ¹æ¹ý·Ðµé °£¿¡¼­ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Â÷À̸¦ ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, Áï ÀϺΠ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº üÇ迬±¸¿¡ ¸íÈ®È÷ ±Ù°Å ÀÌ·Ð ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ°í ÀϺΠÇö»óÇеéÀÇ °æ¿ì »çȸ ÀÌ·Ð ³»¿¡ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ Åä´ë¸¦ ÀÌ·ç±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¹®È­±â¼úÁöÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã »çȸ ¹®È­Àû À̷п¡ ±â¿©ÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±Ù°Å ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ±âÃÊ »çȸ °úÁ¤ÀÇ Áö½Ä¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, Çö»óÇÐÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖ°üÀû, Çö»óÇÐÀû ÀÌÇØ¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª¾Æ°¡ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ¾²´Â ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ ¿¬±¸¼³°è¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¼­·Î ³î¶ó¿ï Á¤µµ·Î À¯»ç¼ºÀ» ³»Æ÷ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Íµµ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷ °Ç°­°úÇкоßÀÇ ¿¬±¸µéÀº ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû ÁÖÀå°ú´Â »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ¸¸¼º Áúȯ °æÇè¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °øÀ¯µÈ ¿ä¼Òµé ³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °øÅë À¯Çü°ú ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ Á¶»çÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ °øÅë ÁÖÁ¦µéÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ »ç·Êµé·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿© ÀÌ·ÐÈ­ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á¾Á¾ Çؼ®Àû ±â¼ú (ÑÀâû) Á¢±Ù¹ý (Thorne, Reimer, Kirkham, & MacDonald-Emes, 1997) À» Àû¿ëÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.

ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸ðµç Ãø¸éµéÀÌ ¿¬±¸°á°ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±× Áß¿¡¼­µµ ¿¬±¸°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ÀÇ Ç¥º»ÃßÃâÀÌ Àüü ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ º¸°íµÇ´Â ƲÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô Çü¼ºÇϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ Ưº°È÷ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ð±ÞµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °³º° Çй®Àû, ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¹× öÇÐÀû ¹æÇâ µîÀº ±×µéÀÇ Ç¥º»ÃßÃâ ¹æ½Ä¿¡ µû¶ó Ã߷еǾîÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½Ã°¢¿¡¼­ ¸¸¼ºÁúȯÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ¶§ °¢±â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÇ Ç¥º»À» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾î º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×µé Áß ÀϺδ ǥº»ÃßÃâ°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ·ù¸¶Æ¼½º, ½ÉÇ÷°ü Áúȯ, ³»ºÐºñ Áúȯ µî °¢±â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÁúȯÀ» °¡Áö°í Àִ ȥÇÕÇ¥º»µéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Çß¾ú°í, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¸î ¸îÀº ÇÑ °¡Áö Áúº´À» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µé¸¸ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ Áúº´°ú ´Ù¸¥ Áúº´°úÀÇ ¿¬°ü°ü°è¸¦ ÀÌ·ÐÈ­ ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¿¬±¸Àڵ鿡 µû¶ó ½ÅüÀû Àå¾Ö¸¦ °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŲ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¾Æ¿¹ Á¦¿Ü½ÃÄÑ ¹ö¸° °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÅüÁúȯ°ú °ü·Ã¾ø´Â ¸¸¼º Á¤½Å ÁúȯÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿¬±¸ Ç¥º» ´ë»ó¿¡ °ÅÀÇ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. »ç½Ç ÃÖ±Ù ¾ó¸¶ Àü±îÁöµµ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸¸¼ºÁúȯ ¿¬±¸´Â ƒ¸»±? Áõ»óÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ȯÀÚµéÀ» ¿¬±¸ Ç¥º» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î »ï¾Ò¾ú´Ù. 1990 ³â´ë¸¦ °ÅÄ¡¸é¼­ ±â¼ú °úÇÐÀû Áøº¸°¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸¹Àº Áúº´µéÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³õÀ½¿¡ µû¶ó, ¾ÏÀ̳ª ÈÄõ¼º ¸é¿ª°áÇÌÁõ°ú °°Àº Áúº´µéµµ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸¼ºÀû ÁúȯÀÇ ¹üÁÖ ³»¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵDZ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù (Paterson et al., 2001).

ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á» ´õ ±íÀÌ ¼³¸íÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶² ¸¸¼ºÁúȯµéÀÌ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ƯÈ÷ »ó´çÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» ²ø ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁúȯµéÀº ÀϹÝÀû ¸¸¼º ÁúȯÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÈ­ °úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ´Ù¸¥ Áúȯµéº¸´Ù ±× ±â¿©µµ°¡ ÈξÀ Å©´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Bland(1999) °¡ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °Íó·³ ¸¸¼º ÇÏÁöÁ¤¸Æ ±Ë¾çÀÇ °æ¿ì ÁúȯÀÚÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹°í ÁúȯÀÇ ¸¸¼ºÀû Ư¼º°ú ÀÌ ÁúȯÀÌ È¯ÀÚÀÇ »î¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î ³¢Ä¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿µÇâÀÌ Å­¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ Áúȯ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÅÀÇ Èï¹Ì°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ºñ½ÁÇÑ °æ¿ì·Î õ½Ä°ú ½ÉÇ÷°ü ÁúȯÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿¬±¸°¡ È°¹ßÇϳª, ¸¸¼º Æó¼â¼º ÆóÁúȯ°ú °íÇ÷¾ÐÀÇ °æ¿ì ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» °ÅÀÇ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÌ µÇ´Â ¸¸¼º ÁúȯµéÀº À¯¹æ¾Ï°ú ´ç´¢º´ (Á¦ 1 Çü°ú Á¦ 2 Çü ¸ðµÎ Æ÷ÇÔ) Àε¥, »ç½Ç ÀÌ ÁúȯµéÀº È®½ÇÈ÷ ¸¸¼ºÁúȯÀÚµé ³»¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÇÏÀ§Áý´ÜÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ±â´Â Çϳª, ±×·¸´Ù°í Çؼ­ Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀ» Çü¼ºÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¸¸¼ºÁúȯÀÌ ³¢Ä¡´Â ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀüÇüÀÌ µÇÁö´Â ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÀÌ µÎ ¸¸¼ºÁúȯµéÀÇ °æ¿ì »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Àå±â°£ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤±â¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÇ ÁúȯÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀ» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ»ÓÀÌ´Ù. Conrad(1990) °¡ ÁöÀûÇßµíÀÌ, ¸¸¼ºÁúȯ °æÇè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¿¬±¸µéÀº ´Ù¼ö´Â ¿Ü·¡Áø·á¸¦ ¹Þ´Â ȯÀÚµéÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿¬±¸¹®Çå¿¡ ÈçÈ÷ Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â Ç¥º»ÃßÃâÀ» °áÁ¤Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î Á¶»çÀÇ ÆíÀ̼ºÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀû, Àα¸ÇÐÀû °ü½Éº¸´Ù ¼±ÇàÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©Áشٰí ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ ºÎºÐ°ú °ü·ÃÇØ °üÂûµÇ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç·Ê´Â ³úÁ¹Áß, ½Å°æ À§Ã༺ °æÈ­ÁõÀ̳ª ÆÄŲ½¼º´°ú °°ÀÌ ÁúȯÀÚÀÇ ±¸µÎ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁúȯµéÀº ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ¿¬±¸ ÁÖÁ¦·Î ±×´ÙÁö °¢±¤À» ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â,Á¶»çÀÇ ÆíÀ̼º ¹®Á¦ ¿Ü¿¡, ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ±¸µÎ ÀÇ»çÇ¥Çö ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ¼ºÀεéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸¿¡ ¼±È£µµ¸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù (Paterson et al., 2001). ƯÁ¤ ÀÎÁ¾À̳ª »çȸÁý´ÜÀÌ °Þ´Â ¸¸¼ºÁúȯ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϸé, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸ Ç¥º»Àº ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ƯÁ¤ ÇÏÀ§ Áý´ÜÀÌ ÇØ´ç ¸¸¼ºÁúȯÀ» °Þ´Â Àüü Áý´ÜÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ´ëÇ¥ÇÒ ¼ö ÀֳĿ¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ, ÀÏÁ¤ ¼öÁØÀÇ ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀº ¹éÀÎ Áß»êÃþ ¿©¼ºµéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÃàÀûÇÑ ÁÖ°üÀû °æÇè Áö½ÄÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ƯÁ¤ Áý´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çȸÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû °¡Ä¡, Åë³ä ¹× °¡Á¤¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸¸¼º Áúȯ °æÇè ³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸¹®Çå ³»¿¡ µå·¯³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Ç¥º»ÃßÃâ¿¡ À־ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ¹®Á¦µé, Áï Ç¥º»ÃßÃâÀÇ ¿ëÀ̼º Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ Áö±Ý²¯ ÁÖ·Î ¾î¶² °ÍµéÀÌ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÌ µÇ¾î¿Ô°í ¶Ç ¾î¶² °ÍµéÀº ±×·¸Áö ¸øÇß³ª ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦µé ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ¿¬±¸ ³»¿ëÀ» Åä´ë·Î ÇÑ ¹®ÇåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀϹÝÀû Áö½ÄÀ» Ãß·ÐÇس»´Â ´É·Â¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Ç¥º»ÃßÃâÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¿¬±¸ ³»¿ëÀ» °ËÅäÇØ º½À¸·Î½á µå·¯³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °Íµé Áß Çϳª°¡ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¼Ò±Ô¸ðÀÇ Ç¥º»µéÀÌ ¾²¿©Áö´Â ºóµµÀÇ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ò°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ ±íÀÌ¿Í ³»¿ëÀÇ Ç³ºÎ¼ºÀº Ç¥º»ÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ÇÑÁ¤ÀÌ µÉ ¶§ ´õ¿í Á¢±ÙÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇØÁö±â´Â Çϳª, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ±îÁö ÀϹÝÀû ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇصǾîÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´À³Ä ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦, ȤÀº ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ±îÁö ÇöÀçÀÇ ¿¬±¸Áý´Ü ¿Ü¿¡µµ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´À³Ä ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Å« ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù´Â µ¥ ÀÇ°ßÀ» °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¾î¶² Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ °³³äÈ­°¡ Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ ³»Æ÷ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀڽۨÀ» °­Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿­Á¤¿¡¸¸ »ç·ÎÀâÇô, ±×µéÀÇ Ç¥º»ÀÌ °¡Áö´Â ¼º°Ý°ú Å©±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á߿伺À» ÀØ°Ô µÈ´Ù (Thorne, 2001). ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ³Ê¹«³ªµµ ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­°¡ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥º»À» ÃßÃâÇÏ¿© Á¤´çÇÑ °á·ÐÀ» À̲ø¾î³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ë»óÀÇ ¹üÀ§ ÀÌ»ó¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­±îÁö ¿¬±¸°á°úÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº µµ½Ã °ÅÁÖÀÚ¿Í ½Ã°ñ °ÅÁÖÀÚ »çÀÌ¿¡, Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ÀÎÅͺäÀÚ·á¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ÅëÇÑ ÀÚ·á»çÀÌ¿¡, ȤÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ±â°£¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤Çؼ­ ÃßÃâÇÑ Ç¥º»°ú Àå±â°£¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÃßÃâµÈ Ç¥º» »çÀÌ¿¡ »óÈ£ °ü·Ã º¯¼ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¹«½ÃÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ³ªÀÌ, ¼ºº°, °æÁ¦Àû ÀÌÁ¡, ȤÀº ÀÎÁ¾°ú °°Àº ºÐ¸íÇÑ º¯¼öµé»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àλý°ü, Áö¸®Àû, »çȸÀû À§Ä¡ ³»Áö´Â °Ç°­ ü°èÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô°ú °°Àº »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ´ú ºÐ¸íÇÑ º¯¼öµéÀÌ °¡Áö´Â ¿µÇâ°ú °ü·ÃÇؼ­µµ, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Áö½Ä ±â¹Ý¿¡´Â À̵é·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼ö¸¹Àº °£°ÝÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁöÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î º» ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Á¦½ÃµÇ¾îÁú ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ³íÁ¡Àº ¸î ¸îÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¾î¶² Ç¥º»µéÀÌ °øÅë Ç¥º»À¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÑ ¾ð±Þ (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î 2 Â÷Àû ºÐ¼®¿¡ À־µµ °°Àº Ç¥º»À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö´Â °Íó·³)(Paterson el at., 2001) ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀڷḦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ º¸°í¼­¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ º°°³ ¿¬±¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿¬±¸ (Áï ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ¹®Á¦Á¡°ú ÀÌ·ÐÀû ±âƲ, ºÐ¼®Àü·« ¹× ¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¿¬±¸) ¿¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Ç¥º» ´ë»óÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ìÆ캽À¸·Î½á Á¾Á¾ µ¶ÀÚ´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ´ÜÀÏ ¿¬±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Ã߷еǴ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö °á·ÐÀ» ÂÉ°µ ´ÙÀ½ À̸¦ Åä´ë·Î ¿©·¯ º¸°í¼­¸¦ ¸¸µç °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÏ°í ÀǽÉÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. »ç½Ç ÃâÆǾ÷ÀÚµéÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐÀû ¿¬±¸ °á·ÐÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ³í¹® ³»¿ë¿¡´Â ±×´ÙÁö °ü½ÉÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÇöÀçÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ³í¹® »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¹®È­°¡ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ºÎÃß°å´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª¾Æ°¡ ÃâÆǾ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ °æÁ¦³­À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÃÖ±Ù ¸î ³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ÇмúÁö ¹ßÇ¥ ³í¹®ÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ±æÀÌ°¡ ª¾ÆÁ³±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÇмúÁö¿¡ Åõ°íÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀÏ ³í¹®ÀÌ È¿°úÀûÀÌ°í ÇмúÀûÀÎ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ Á¶°ÇÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ±íÀÌ¿Í »ó¼¼ÇÔÀ» ´ã±â¿¡´Â ¹«¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ÇϳªÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÙÁß º¸°í¼­ÀÇ ¹ßÇàÀº ÀÌÇØ°¡ °£´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀڷἼƮ¿Í ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¹°°£ÀÇ »óÈ£¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î Çؼ­ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ¹®Çåµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÅëÇÕÀûÀÎ ÀÎÁö¸¦ ÇÏ·Á´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ ³­Á¦·Î ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² ´ÙÁß ¿¬±¸ º¸°í¼­µéÀÌ °°Àº ¿¬±¸ÀÚ (µµ±¸) ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Ç¥º»À» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºÇÑ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù¸é ºñ·Ï ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ Àú¼ú ³»¿ë ÀÚü°¡ ºÎ´çÇÑ ½Å·Ú¼ºÀ» ÁÙÁöµµ ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, µ¶ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ÙÁß º¸°í¼­µéÀÇ °á·Ðµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ Æò°¡°¡ ´ÜÀÏ ¿¬±¸º¸°í¼­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù ³ªÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±â´ëÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÉ °ÍÀÌ. µû¶ó¼­ Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °ËÅä°úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¿ì¸®´Â Ç¥º» ÃßÃâÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Æ¯Á¤ Çö»óÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ À־ »ó´çÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù.

°á·Ð

Áö±Ý±îÁö, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿ª»çÀû ¸Æ¶ô, °³º°Çй®, ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¹æÇâ ¹× ¹æ¹ý°ú °°Àº °ÍµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇϳªÀÇ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î °ËÅäÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Æ²°ú ¿¬±¸ÀÚÀÇ ½Ã°¢ÀÌ, ÇØ´ç ¿¬±¸°¡ °¡Áö´Â À§Ä¡¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸µéÀÇ ÇØ´ç ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¿©µµ¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Â÷¿øµé°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¸é¹ÐÈ÷ »ìÆ캽À¸·Î½á ¿ì¸®´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ù¶ó°Ç´ë ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ »õ·Î¿î Áö½ÄÀ» À̲ø¾î³»·Á°í Çß´ø Çö»ó¿¡ °üÇؼ­µµ ¹«¾ð°¡ ÀÇ¹Ì ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀû, °³º° Çй®Àû ¹æÇâÀº ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¿ªµ¿ÀûÀÌ°í ¹ßÀüÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â Áö½ÄÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº À¯µ¿ÀûÀÌ°í ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã°¢¿¡¼­ ¹Ù¶óº¸°Ô µÇ¸é ±× ÇüÅÂ¿Í ¼ºÁúÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸® ¿ª½Ãµµ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ °Ç°­°ü¸®¿Í °Ç°­°úÇп¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âÃÊÀû Áö½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ºÎ´ãÀ» ´À³¢°Ô µÊ¿¡ µû¶ó, ÀÌÁ¦´Â ¼¼¹ÐÇÑ Á¾ÇÕÀû ¸ÞŸ ¿¬±¸¹æ½Ä°ú °Å´ë ÀϹÝÈ­¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾çÀû ¿¬±¸¿Í´Â ¶Ñ·ÇÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ÀνÄÀÇ Ã¢À» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °Ç°­°ú Áúº´¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ ±ÞÁõÇÔ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÁúÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Ã¢À» ÅëÇØ º¸´Â ¼¼»ó ¿ª½Ã ´Ü¼øÇϰųª ÀÏ°üÀû ÀÌÁö¸¸Àº ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

References

Altheide, D. L. & Johnson, J. M. (1994). Criteria for assessing validity in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 485-499). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bland, M. (1999). On living with chronic leg ulcers. In I. Madjar & J. A. Walton (Eds.), Nursing and the experience of illness: Phenomenology in practice (pp. 36-56). St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

Charmaz, K. (1983). Loss of self: A fundamental form of suffering in the chronically ill. Sociology of Health and Illness, 5, 168-195.

Cohen, M. Z., Kahn, D. L., & Steeves, R. H. (1998). Beyond body image: The experience of breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 25, 835-841.

Conrad, P. (1990). Qualitative research on chronic illness: A commentary on method and conceptual development. Social Science & Medicine, 30, 1257-1263.

Coward, D. D. (1990). The lived experience of self-transcendence in women with advanced breast cancer. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3 (4), 162-169.

Frankel, R. M. (1999). Standards of qualitative research. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research (2nd ed.) (pp. 333-346). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Gerhardt, U. (1990). Qualitative research on chronic illness: The issue and the story. Social Science & Medicine, 30, 1149-1159.

Hilton, B. A. (1988). The phenomenon of uncertainty in women with breast cancer. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 9, 217-238.

Kvale, S. (1995). The social construction of validity. Qualitative Inquiry, 1, 19-40.

Lincoln, Y. S. (1995). Emerging criteria for quality in qualitative and interpretive research. Qualitative Inquiry, 3, 275-289.

Miller, W. L., & Crabtree, B. F. (1999). Clinical research: A multimethod typology and qualitative roadmap. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research (2nd ed.) (pp. 3-30). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Nelson, J. P. (1996). Struggling to gain meaning: living with the uncertainty of breast cancer. Advances in Nursing Science, 18 (3), 59-76.

Paterson, B. L. (2001). The Shifting Perspectives Model of chronic illness. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33 (1), 21-26.

Paterson, B., Canam, C., Joachim, G., & Thorne, S. (in review). Qualitative researchers' conceptualizations of fatigue in chronic illness.

Paterson, B., Thorne, S. & Dewis, M. (1998) Adapting to and managing diabetes. Image: Journal for Nursing Scholarship, 30 (1), 57-62.

Paterson, B. L., Thorne, S. E., Canam, C. & Jillings, C. (2001). Meta-study of qualitative health research: A practical guide to meta-analysis and meta-synthesis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Pelusi, J. (1997). The lived experience of surviving breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 24, 1343-1353.

Ritzer, G. (1992). Metatheorizing in sociology: Explaining the coming of age. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), Metatheorizing (pp. 7-26). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Sandelowski, M. (1993). Theory unmasked: The uses and guises of theory in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health, 16, 213-218.

Scambler, G., & Hopkins, A. (1986). Being epileptic: Coming to terms with stigma. Sociology of Health and Illness, 8, 26-43.

Schneider, J. W., & Conrad, P. (1983). Having epilepsy: The experience of control and illness. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Schwandt, T. A. (1997). Qualitative inquiry: A dictionary of terms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Smith, J. K. (1990). Alternative research paradigms and the problem of criteria. In E. G. Guba (Ed.), The paradigm dialog (pp. 167-187). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Strauss, A. L. (1975). Chronic illness and the quality of life (1st ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Thorne, S. E. (1991). Methodological orthodoxy in qualitative nursing research: Analysis of the issues. Qualitative Health Research, 1, 178-199.

Thorne, S. E. (2001). The implications of disciplinary agenda on quality criteria for qualitative research. In J. M. Morse, J. Swanson, & A. Kuzel (Eds.), The nature of qualitative evidence (pp. 141-159). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Thorne, S., Reimer Kirkham, S. & MacDonald-Emes, J. (1997). Interpretive description: A non-categorical qualitative alternative for developing nursing knowledge. Research in Nursing & Health, 2, 169-177.

Thorne, S. E. & Murray, C. (2000). Social constructions of breast cancer. Health Care for Women International, 21, 141-159.

Thorne, S. & Paterson, B. (1998). Shifting images of chronic illness. Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 30, 173-8.

Thorne, S., Paterson, B., Acorn, S., Canam, C., Joachim, G. & Jillings, C. (in press). Chronic illness experience: Insights from a qualitative meta-study. Qualitative Health Research.

Wellard, S. (1998). Constructions of chronic illness. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 35, 49-55.

Zhao, S. (1991). Metatheory, metamethod, meta-data-analysis: What, why and how? Sociological Perspectives, 34, 377-390.


Appendix 1: Chronic Illness Meta-Study Primary Sources (N=292)

[Qualitative studies of adult chronic illness experience published 1980-1996. Additional detail of inclusion criteria published in: Paterson, B., Thorne, S., Canam, C., & Jillings, C. (2001). Meta-study of Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide to Meta-analysis and Meta-Synthesis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.]

Ablon, J. (1996). Gender response to neurofibromatosis. Social Science and Medicine, 42, 99-109.

Ailinger, R. L., & Schweitzer, E. (1993). Patients' explanations of rheumatoid arthritis. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 15, 340-351.

Alonzo, A. A., & Reynolds, N. R. (1995). Stigma, HIV and AIDS: An exploration and elaboration of a stigma trajectory. Social Science and Medicine, 41, 303-315.

Anderson, J. M. (1991). Immigrant women speak of chronic illness: The social construction of the devalued self. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 710-717.

Anderson, J. M., Blue, C., Holbrook, A., & Ng, M. (1993). On chronic illness: Immigrant women in Canada's work force-A feminist perspective. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 25, 7-22.

Anderson, J. M., Blue, C., & Lau, A. (1991). Women's perspectives on chronic illness: Ethnicity, ideology and restructuring of life. Social Science and Medicine, 33, 101-113.

Anderson, R. (1988). The quality of life of stroke patients and their carers. In R. Anderson & M. Bury (Eds.), Living with chronic illness (pp. 14-42). Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Anderson, R. M., Barr, P. A., Edwards, G. J., Funnell, M. M., Fitzgerald, J. T., & Wisdom, K. (1996). Using focus groups to identify psychosocial issues of urban black individuals with diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 22 (1), 28-33.

Arluke, A. (1980). Judging drugs: Patients' conceptions of therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of arthritis. Human Organization, 39 (1), 84-88.

Armstrong, V. N. (1990). Perceptions of adults with insulin-requiring diabetes of factors influencing their self-management. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.

Arruda, E. N., Larson, P. J., & Meleis, A. I. (1992). Comfort: Immigrant Hispanic cancer patients' views. Cancer Nursing, 15, 387-394.

Bach, C. A., & McDaniel, R. W. (1993). Quality of life in quadriplegic adults: A focus group study. Rehabilitation Nursing, 18, 364-367.

Bailey, B. J., & Kahn, A. (1993). Apportioning illness management authority: How diabetic individuals evaluate and respond to spousal help. Qualitative Health Research, 3, 55-73.

Baker, C., & Stern, P. N. (1994). Finding meaning in chronic illness as the key to self-care. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 25, 23-36.

Baldock, J., & Ungerson, C. (1994). A consumer view of the 'New Community Care': The homecare experiences of a sample of stroke survivors and their carers. Care in Place, 1, 175-187.

Barrett, J. (1995). Multiple sclerosis: The experience of a disease. Women's Studies International Forum, 18, 159-171.

Barroso, J. (1995). Self-care activities of long-term survivors of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Holistic Nursing Practice, 10, 44-53.

Barroso, J. (1996). Focusing on living: Attitudinal approaches of long-term survivors of AIDS. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 17, 395-407.

Barton, J. A., Magilvy, J. K., & Quinn, A. A. (1994). Maintaining the fighting spirit: Veterans living with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Nursing Research, 3, 86-96.

Bates, M. S., & Rankin-Hill, L. (1994). Control, culture and chronic pain. Social Sciences and Medicine, 39, 629-645.

Beaudoin, P. (1993). Living with AIDS. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto.

Bechtel, G. A. (1994). Purpose in life among gay men with HIV disease. NursingConnections, 7 (4), 5-11.

Becker, G., Janson-Bjerklie, S., Benner, P., Slobin, K., & Ferketich, S. (1993). The dilemma of seeking urgent care: Asthma episodes and emergency service use. Social Science & Medicine, 37, 305-313.

Becker, G., & Kaufman, S. R. (1995). Managing an uncertain illness trajectory in old age: Patients' and physicians' views of stroke. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 9, 165-187.

Beisecker, A. E., Kuckelman Cobb, A., & Ziegler, D. K. (1988). Patient's perspectives of the role of care providers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Archives of Neurology, 45, 553-556.

Benner, P., Janson-Bjerklie, S., Ferketich, S., & Becker, G. (1994). Moral dimensions of living with a chronic illness: Autonomy, responsibility, and the limits of control. In P. Benner (Ed.), Interpretive phenomenology: Embodiment, caring and ethics in health and illness (pp. 225-254). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Berg, J. (1996). Quality of life in COPD patients using transtracheal oxygen. MEDSURG Nursing, 5 (1), 36-40.

Berry, D. L. (1994). Detection and diagnosis experiences of employed persons with urologic cancer. Urologic Nursing, 14, 52-56.

Bertero, C., & El, A. C. (1993). Quality of life of adults with acute leukaemia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18, 1346-1353.

Blake, K. (1995). The social isolation of young men with quadriplegia. Rehabilitation Nursing, 20, 17-21.

Bonwich, E. (1985). Sex role attitudes and role reorganization in spinal cord injured women. In M. J. Deegan & N. A. Brooks (Eds.), Women and disability: The double handicap (pp. 56-67). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

Bowman, J. M. (1991). The meaning of chronic low back pain. AAOHN Journal, 39, 381-384.

Bowman, J. M. (1994). Experiencing the chronic pain phenomenon: A study. Rehabilitation Nursing, 19, 91-95.

Bozzacco, V. (1993). Long-term psychosocial effects of spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Nursing, 18 (2), 82-87.

Bredenberg, P. A. (1991). Who cares? Social support and women with breast cancer. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Syracuse University, Syracuse.

Bridge, M. J. (1986). A phenomenological study of being a homosexual male who has been diagnosed with AIDS. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno.

Brodsky, M. S. (1995). Testicular cancer survivors' impression of the impact of the disease on their lives. Qualitative Health Research, 5, 78-96.

Brodwin, P. E. (1992). Symptoms and social performances: The case of Diane Reden. In M. D. Good, P. E. Brodwin, B. J. Good, & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Pain as a human experience: An anthropological perspective (pp. 77-99). Berkeley, CA: University of California.

Brooks, N. A., & Matson, R. R. (1987). Managing multiple sclerosis. Research in the Sociology of Health Care, 6, 73-106.

Brown, S., & Williams, A. (1995). Women's experiences of rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21, 695-701.

Burnette, J. D. (1991). The management of chronic illness by older people living alone: A multi-method investigation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

Bury, M. (1982). Chronic illness as biographical disruption. Sociology of Health and Illness, 4, 167-182.

Bury, M. (1988). Meanings at risk: The experience of arthritis. In R. Anderson & M. Bury (Eds.), Living with chronic illness (pp. 89-116). Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Callaghan, D., & Williams, D. (1994). Living with diabetes: Issues for nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 20, 132-139.

Carpenter, C. (1994). The experience of spinal cord injury: The individual's perspective--implications for rehabilitation practice. Physical Therapy, 74, 614-629.

Charmaz, K. (1983). Loss of self: A fundamental form of suffering in the chronically ill. Sociology of Health and Illness, 5, 168-195.

Charmaz, K. (1991). Good days, bad days: The self in control, illness and time. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Charmaz, K. (1995). Identity dilemmas for chronically ill men. In D. Sabo & D. F. Gordon (Eds.), Men's health and illness: Gender, power and the body (pp. 266-291). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Chaturvedi, S. K. (1991). What's important for quality of life to Indians-in relation to cancer. Social Science & Medicine, 33 (1), 91-94.

Cigoli, V., Binda, W., & Martas, E. (1994). Marital relationships and type II diabetes. Family Systems Medicine, 12, 295-314.

Coates, V. E., & Boore, J. R. P. (1995). Self-management of chronic illness: Implications for nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 32, 628-640.

Cobb, A. K., & Hamera, E. (1986). Illness experience in a chronic disease -- ALS. Social Science & Medicine, 7, 641-650.

Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. L. (1984). Collaboration: Couples working together to manage chronic illness. Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 16, 109-115.

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1985). Managing chronic illness at home: Three lines of work. Qualitative Sociology, 8, 224-247.

Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1988). Unending work and care: Managing chronic illness at home. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Coward, D. D. (1990). The lived experience of self-transcendence in women with advanced breast cancer. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3, 162-169.

Coward, D. D., & Lewis, F. M. (1993). The lived experience of self-transcendence in gay men with AIDS. Oncology Nursing Forum, 20, 1363-1368.

Coyler, H. (1996). Women's experience of living with cancer. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23, 496-501.

Cull-Wilby, B. L. (1993). Living with asthma: A phenomenological search for meaning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Rochester, Rochester.

Cury, S. E., Ferraz, M. B., Dos Santos, J. Q., Miranda, C., Redko, C., Vilar, M. J. P., & Atra, E. (1995). The use of focus group interview in the evaluation of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. British Journal of Rheumatology, 34, 150-155.

David, J. (1995). Patients' views on rehabilitation. Journal of Cancer Care, 4, 57-60.

DelVecchio-Good, M. J. (1992). Work as a haven from pain. In M. D. Good, P. E. Brodwin, B. J. Good, & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Pain as a human experience: An anthropological perspective (pp. 49-75). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Demas, P., Schoenbaum, E. E., Wills, T. A., Doll, L. S., & Klein, R. S. (1995). Stress, coping, and attitudes toward HIV treatment in injecting drug users: A qualitative study. AIDS Education and Prevention, 7, 429-442.

Derenowski-Fleury, J. (1991). Empowering potential: A theory of wellness motivation. Nursing Research, 40, 286-291.

DeVito, A. J. (1990). Dyspnea during hospitalization for acute phase of illness as recalled by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart & Lung, 19, 186-191.

Dewar, A. L., & Morse, J. M. (1995). Unbearable incidents: failure to endure the experience of illness. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22, 957-964.

Dietrich, U. C. (1996). Factors influencing the attitudes held by women with type II diabetes: A qualitative study. Patient Education and Counselling, 29, 13-23.

Dildy, S. M. P. (1992). A naturalistic study of the nature, meaning and impact of suffering in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin.

Dildy, S. M. P. (1996). Suffering in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Applied Nursing Research, 9, 177-183.

Doktorchik, M. (1991). Adaptation to diabetes. Beta Release, 15, 49-54.

Doolittle, N. D. (1991). Clinical ethnography of lacunar stroke: Implications for acute care. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 23, 235-240.

Doolittle, N. D. (1992). The experience of recovery following lacunar stroke. Rehabilitation Nursing, 17, 122-125.

Doyle, D. L., & Stern, P. N. (1992). Negotiating self-care in rehabilitation nursing. Rehabilitation Nursing, 17, 319-321, 326.

Dunaway, F. W., Hueston, W. J., & Clevinger, L. (1995). An exploratory study of the experiences of rural women with breast cancer. KMA Journal, 93, 241-245.

Duval, M. L. (1984). Psychosocial metaphors of physical distress among MS patients. Social Science & Medicine, 19, 635-638.

Dyck, I. (1995). Hidden geographies: The changing lifeworlds of women with multiple sclerosis. Social Science & Medicine, 40, 307-320.

Eberhardt, E. I. (1983). Experiencing cancer: A phenomenological study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno.

Erdmann, B. R. (1988). Living with chronic pain. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Tennessee, Memphis.

Fenwick, B. (1988). The meaning of illness in men after myocardial infarction. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.

Ferrans, C. E. (1994). Quality of life throughout the eyes of survivors of breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 21, 1645-1651.

Ferrell, B. R., Taylor, E. J., Grant, M., Fowler, M., & Corbisiero, R. M. (1993). Pain management at home: Struggle, comfort, and mission. Cancer Nursing, 16, 169-178.

Fife, B. L. (1994). The conceptualization of meaning in illness. Social Science & Medicine, 38, 309-316.

Finfgeld, D. L. (1992). Courage in the chronically-ill elderly: A grounded theory study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas, Austin.

Finfgeld, D. L. (1995). Becoming and being courageous in the chronically ill elderly. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 16, 1-11.

Fisher, B., & Galler, R. (1985). Friendship and fairness: How disability affects friendship between women. In M. Fine & A. Ash (Eds.), Women with disabilities (pp. 172-194). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Folden, S. L. (1994). Managing the effects of a stroke. Rehabilitation Nursing Research, 3, 79-85.

Ford, J. S. (1987). Living with a history of a heart attack: A human science investigation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Ford, J. S. (1989). Living with a history of a heart attack: A human science investigation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14, 173-179.

Foulds, J. S. (1985). Inflammatory bowel disease as a cultural artifact: An ethnography of the politics of suffering. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Francis, G. M., & Munjas, B. A. (1992). Research with HIV positive persons: Problems. Virginia Nurse, 60 (1), 21-23

Francke, A. L. & Theeuwen, I. (1994). Inhibition in expressing pain: A qualitative study among Dutch surgical breast cancer patients. Cancer Nursing, 17, 193-199.

Freedman, T. G. (1994). Social and cultural dimensions of hair loss in women treated for breast cancer. Cancer Nursing, 17, 334-341.

Fuller, A. (1991). Diabetic diet management: A native Indian perspective. Unpublished masters thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Garro, L. C. (1992). Chronic illness and the construction of narrative. In M. D. Good, P. E. Brodwin, B. J. Good, & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Pain as a human experience: An anthropological perspective (pp. 100-137). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Garro, L. C. (1995). Individual or social responsibility?: Explanations of diabetes in an Anishinaabe (Ojibway) community. Social Science & Medicine, 40 (1), 37-46.

Gatter, P. N. (1995). Anthropology, HIV and contingent identities. Social Science & Medicine, 41, 1523-1533.

Gerhardt, U. (1990). Patient careers in end-stage renal failure. Social Science & Medicine, 30, 1211-1224.

Glaus, A., Crow, R., & Hammond, S. (1996). A qualitative study to explore the concept of fatigue/tiredeness in cancer patients and in healthy individuals. Supportive Care in Cancer, 4, 82-96.

Gloersen, B., Kendall, J., Gray, P., McConnell, S., Turner, J., & Lewkowicz, J. W. (1993). The phenomena of doing well in people with AIDS. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 15 (1), 44-58.

Good, B. J. (1992). A body in pain: The making of a world of chronic pain. In M. D. Good, P. E. Brodwin, B. J. Good, & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Pain as a human experience: An anthropological perspective (pp. 29-47). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Good, B. J. & Del Vecchio Good, M. J. (1994). In the subjunctive mode: Epilepsy narratives in Turkey. Social Science & Medicine, 38, 835-842.

Gramling, L., Boyle, J. S., McCain, N., Ferrell, J., Hodnicki, D., & Muller, R. (1996). Reconstructing a woman's experiences with AIDS. Family and Community Health, 19 (3), 49-56.

Gregory, D. (1994). The myth of control: Suffering in palliative care. Journal of Palliative Care, 10 (2), 18-22.

Gulick, E. E., Yam, M., & Touw, M. M. (1989). Work performance by persons with multiple sclerosis: Conditions that impede or enable the performance of work. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 26, 301-311.

Gullickson, C. (1993). My death nearing its future: A Heideggerian hermeneutical analysis of the lived experience of persons with chronic illness. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18, 1386-1392.

Gurowka, K. J., & Lightman, E. S. (1995). Supportive and unsupportive interactions as perceived by cancer patients. Social Work in Health Care, 21 (4), 71-88.

Haase, J. E. (1987). Components of courage in chronically ill adolescents: A phenomenological study. Advances in Nursing Science, 9 (2), 64-80.

Hack, T. F., Degner, L. F., & Dyck, D. G. (1994). Relationship between preferences for decisional control and illness information among women with breast cancer: A quantitative and qualitative analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 39, 279-289.

Haggstrom, T., Axelsson, K., & Norberg, A. (1994). The experience of living with stroke sequelae illuminated by means of stories and metaphors. Qualitative Health Research, 4, 321-337.

Hainsworth, M. A. (1994). Living with multiple sclerosis: The experience of chronic sorrow. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 26, 237-240.

Hainsworth, M. A., Eakes, G. G., & Burke, M. L. (1994). Coping with chronic sorrow. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 15, 59-66.

Haisfield, M. E., McGuire, D. B., Krumm, S., Shore, A. D., Zabora, J., & Rubin, H. R. (1994). Patients' and healthcare providers' opinions regarding advance directives. Oncology Nursing Forum, 21, 1179-1187.

Halldorsdottir, S., & Hamrin, E. (1996). Experiencing existential changes: The lived experience of having cancer. Cancer Nursing, 19, 29-36.

Hall, B. A. (1994). Ways of maintaining hope in HIV disease. Research in Nursing & Health, 17, 283-293.

Handron, D. S., & Leggett-Frazier, N. K. (1994). Utilizing content analysis of counseling sessions to identify psychosocial stressors among patients with Type II diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 20, 515-520.

Hanna, K. M., & Jacobs, P. (1993). The use of photography to explore the meaning of health among adolescents with cancer. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 16, 155-164.

Henriksson, C. M. (1995). Living with continuous muscular pain - Patient perspectives. Part I: Encounters and consequences. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 9, 67-76.

Henriksson, C. M. (1995). Living with continuous muscular pain - Patient perspectives. Part II: Strategies for daily life. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 9, 77-86.

Hernandez, C. A. (1991). The lived experience of Type 1 diabetes: Implications for diabetes education. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Toronto, Toronto.

Hernandez, C. A. (1995). The experience of living with insulin-dependent diabetes: Lessons for the diabetes educator. The Diabetes Educator, 21, 33-37.

Hernanadez, C. A. (1996). Integration: The experience of living with insulin dependent (Type I) diabetes mellitus. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 28, 37-56.

Hildingh, C., Fridlund, B., & Segesten, K. (1995). Social support in self-help groups, as experienced by persons having coronary heart disease and their next of kin. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 32, 224-232.

Hilton, B. A. (1986). Coping with the uncertainties of breast cancer: Appraisal and coping strategies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.

Howell, S. L (1994). Natural/alternative health care practices used by women with chronic pain: Findings from a grounded theory research study. Nurse Practitioner Forum, 5, 98-105.

Hughey, D. R. (1991). A phenomenological-psychological study of the experience of chronic fatigue syndrome. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Saybrook Institute, San Francisco.

Iphofen, R. (1990). Coping with a 'perforated life': A case study in managing the stigma of petit mal epilepsy. Sociology, 24, 447-463.

Jackson, J. E. (1992). "After a while no one believes you": Real and unreal pain. In M. D. Good, P. E. Brodwin, B. J. Good, & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Pain as a human experience: An anthropological perspective (pp. 138-168). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Jayne, R. L. (1993). Self-regulation: Negotiating treatment regimens in insulin-dependent diabetes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Francisco.

Jillings, C. R. (1992). Back in circulation, or dancing around the circle? Participatory action research in the context of cardiac rehabilitation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Union Institute, Cincinnati.

Johnson, J. L. (1988). The process of adjustment following myocardial infarction. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Johnson, J. L., & Morse, J. M. (1990). Regaining control: The process of adjustment after myocardial infarction. Heart & Lung, 19, 126-135.

Johnston, D., Smith, K., & Stall, R. (1994). A comparison of public health care utilization by gay men and intravenous drug users with AIDS in San Francisco. AIDS CARE, 6, 303-316.

Jones, R. V. H., & Greenwood, B. (1994). Breast cancer: Causes of patients' distress identified by qualitative analysis. British Journal of General Practice, 44, 370-371.

Jubala, J. A. (1989). Right hemisphere cerebrovascular accident: A phenomenological study of living through the first three months. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh.

Kagawa-Singer, M. (1993). Redefining health: Living with cancer. Social Science & Medicine, 37, 295-304.

Kaprowy, J. A. (1991). A descriptive study to investigate end stage renal disease patients' desire for information and preferences about roles in treatment decision making. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.

Kasper, A. S. (1994). A feminist, qualitative methodology: A study of women with breast cancer. Qualitative Sociology, 17, 263-281.

Katz, A. (1995). Gaining a new perspective on life as a consequence of uncertainty in HIV infection. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.

Kaufman, S. R. (1988). Toward a phenomenology of boundaries in medicine: Chronic illness experience in the case of stroke. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2, 339-354.

Kaufman, S.R. (1992). Illness, biography, and the interpretation of self following a stroke. In J. F. Gubrium & K. Charmaz (Eds.), Aging, self and community: A collection of readings (pp. 71-81). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Kelleher, D. (1988). Coming to terms with diabetes: Coping strategies and non-compliance. In R. Anderson & M. Bury (Eds.), Living with chronic illness (pp. 137-155). Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Kelly, M. P. (1991). Coping with an ileostomy. Social Science & Medicine, 33, 115-125.

Kendall, J. (1991). Human association and wellness in homosexual men with HIV infection: A grounded theory. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University, Atlanta.

Kirk, K. (1990). Chronically ill patient's perceptions of nursing care. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.

Kirk, K. (1993). Chronically ill patients' perceptions of nursing care. Rehabilitation Nursing, 18 (2), 99-104.

Kleinman, A. (1992). Pain and resistance: The delegitimation and relegitimation of local worlds. In M. D. Good, P. E. Brodwin, B. J. Good, & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Pain as a human experience: An anthropological perspective (pp. 169-197). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Kodiath, M. F., & Kodiath, A. (1995). A comparative study of patients who experience chronic malignant pain in India and the United States. Cancer Nursing, 18, 189-196.

Krefting, L. (1990). Double bind and disability: The case of traumatic head injury. Social Science & Medicine, 30, 839-865.

Kutner, N. G., & Gray, H. L. (1985). Women and renal failure: Some neglected issues. In M. J. Deegan & N. A. Brooks (Eds.), Women and disability: The double handicap (pp. 105-116). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

Laryea, M., & Gien, L. (1993). The impact of HIV-positive diagnosis on the individual. Clinical Nursing Research, 2, 245-266.

Laskiwiski, S. M. A. (1989). An ethnography of the spinal cord injury unit. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Laskiwiski, S. (1990). An ethnography of the spinal cord injury unit. AARN, 46, 14-15.

Laskiwski, S., & Morse, J. M. (1993). The patient with spinal cord injury: The modification of hope and expressions of despair. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation, 6 (3), 143-153.

le Gallez, P. (1993). Rheumatoid arthritis: Effects on the family. Nursing Standard, 7 (39), 30-34.

Leidy, N., & Haase, J. E. (1996). Functional performance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A qualitative analysis. Advances in Nursing Science, 18, 77-89.

LeMone, P. (1991). Transforming: Patterns of sexual function in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alabama, Birmingham.

LeMone, P. (1993). Human sexuality in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 25, 101-105.

LeMone, P. (1995). Assessing psychosexual concerns in adults with diabetes: Pilot project using Roy's modes of adaptation. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 16, 67-78.

Lennon, M. C. (1989). The stigma of chronic facial pain and its impact on social relationships. Social Problems, 36, 117-134.

Lev, E. L. (1992). Patients' strategies for adapting to cancer treatment. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 14, 595-617.

Levy, S. M. (1981). Experience of undergoing a heart attack. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 12, 153-72.

Lewis, F. M., & Deal, L. W. (1995). Balancing our lives: A study of the married couple's experience with breast cancer recurrence. Oncology Nursing Forum, 22, 943-953.

Lewis, M. C. (1988). Attribution and illness. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 26, 15-21.

Lindsey, A. E. (1993). Health within illness: Experiences of the chronically ill disabled. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria, Victoria.

Locker, D. (1983). Disability and disadvantage. London: Tavistock Publications.

Locker, D., & Kaufert, J. (1988). The breath of life: Medical technology and the careers of people with post-respiratory poliomyelitis. Sociology of Health and Illness, 10, 23-40.

Loomis, M. E., & Conco, D. (1991). Patients' perceptions of health, chronic illness, and nursing diagnosis. Nursing Diagnosis, 2, 162-170.

Lough, M. A. (1996). Ongoing work of older adults at home after hospitalization. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23, 804-809.

Loveys, B. J., & Klaich, K. (1991). Breast cancer: Demands of illness. Oncology Nursing Forum, 18 (1), 75-80.

Luker, K. A., Beaver, K., Leinster, S. J., & Owens, R. G. (1996). Meaning of illness for women with breast cancer. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23, 1194-1201.

Lundman, B., & Norberg, A. (1993). Coping strategies in people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Educator, 19, 198-204.

Luyas, G. T. (1991). An explanatory model of diabetes. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 13, 681-697.

Macdonald, L. (1988). The experience of stigma: Living with rectal cancer. In R. Anderson & M. Bury (Eds.), Living with chronic illness (pp. 177-202). Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Maclean, H. M. (1991). Patterns of diet related self-care in diabetes. Social Science & Medicine, 32, 689-696.

Maclean, H., & Oram, B. (1988). Living with diabetes. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.

Madsen, W. C. (1992). Problematic treatment: Interaction of patient, spouse, and physician beliefs in medical noncompliance. Family Systems Medicine, 10, 365-383.

Mahon, S. D. (1991). Psychosocial adjustment to recurrent cancer. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rush University, Chicago.

Maillet, N. A., Melkus, G. D., & Spollett, G. (1996). Using focus groups to characterize the health beliefs and practices of black women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 22 (1), 39-46.

Maines, D. R. (1991). The storied nature of health and diabetic self-help groups. Advances in Medical Sociology, 2, 185-202.

Marr. J. A. (1988). The experience of living with Parkinson's disease. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto.

Marr, J. (1991). The experience of living with Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 23, 325-329.

Mathews, J. F., Lannin, D. R., & Mitchell, J. P. (1994). Coming to terms with advanced breast cancer: Black women's narratives from eastern North Carolina. Social Science & Medicine, 38, 789-800.

McBride, S. (1993). Perceived control in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 15, 456-464.

McBride, S. (1994). Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Their beliefs about measures that increase activity tolerance. Rehabilitation Nursing, 19 (1), 37-41.

McCord, E. C. & Brandenburg, C. (1995). Beliefs and attitudes of persons with diabetes. Family Medicine, 27, 267-271.

McLaughlin, J., & Zeeberg, I. (1993). Self-care and multiple sclerosis: A view from two cultures. Social Science & Medicine, 37, 315-329.

McSweeney, J. C. (1993). Making behavior changes after a myocardial infaction. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 15, 441-455.

McWilliam, C. L., Stewart, M., Brown, J. B., Desai, K., & Coderre, P. (1996). Creating health with chronic illness. Advances in Nursing Science, 18, 1-15.

Miles-Tapping, C., & MacDonald, L. J. (1994). Lifestyle implications of power mobility. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 12, 31-49.

Milliken, P. J., & Northcott, H. C. (1996). Seeking validation: Hypothyroidism and the chronic illness trajectory. Qualitative Health Research, 6, 202-223.

Moch, S. D. (1990). Health within the experience of breast cancer. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 1426-1435.

Molzahn, A. (1991). The reported quality of life of selected home hemodialysis patients. ANNA Journal, 18, 173-181.

Monks, J. (1995). Life stories and sickness experience: A performance perspective. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 19, 453-478

Montbriand, M. J. (1995). Alternative therapies as control behaviours used by cancer patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22, 646-654.

Morales, E. (1994). Meaning of touch to hospitalized Puerto Ricans with cancer. Cancer Nursing, 17, 464-469.

Morgan, J. (1988). Living with renal failure on home haemodialysis. In R. Anderson & M. Bury (Eds.), Living with chronic illness (pp. 203-224). Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Morse, J. M., & Johnson, J. L. (Eds.). (1991). The illness experience. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Mumma, C. M. (1986). Perceived losses following stroke. Rehabilitation Nursing, 11, 19-21.

Naess, M. H. & Malterud, K. (1995). Patients' stories: Science, clinical facts, or fairy tales? Scandianvian Journal of Primary Health Care, 13, 59-64.

Nelson, J. P. (1996). Struggling to gain meaning: Living with the uncertainty of breast cancer. Advances in Nursing Science, 18, 59-76.

Newman, M. A., & Moch, S. D. (1991). Life patterns of persons with coronary heart disease. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4, 161-167.

Nyhlin, K. T. (1990). A contribution of qualitative research to a better understanding of diabetic patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 796-803.

Nyhlin, K. T. (1990). Diabetic patients facing long-term complications: Coping with uncertainty. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 1021-1029.

Nyhlin, K. T. (1990). Patient's experiences in the self-management of diabetes mellitus. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Umea, Umea.

Nyhlin, K. T., Lithner, F., & Norberg, A. (1987). The experience of being diabetic. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 1, 59-67.

Nokes, K. M., & Carver, K. (1991). The meaning of living with AIDS: A study using Parse's theory of man-living-health. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4, 175-179.

Nosek, M. A. (1996). Wellness among women with physical disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 14, 165-181.

O'Brien, M. O. (1993). The courage to survive: The life career of the chronic dialysis patient. New York: Grune and Stratton.

Oram, B. (1992). The personal meaning of chronic illness within the context of everyday life: A case study of the experiences of people with insulin-dependent diabetes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto.

Padilla, G. V., Ferrell, B., Grant, M. M., & Rhiner, M. (1990). Defining the content domain of quality of life for cancer patients with pain. Cancer Nursing, 13, 108-115.

Pakenham, K. I., Dadds, M. R., & Terry, D. J. (1996). Adaptive demands along the HIV disease continuum. Social Science & Medicine, 42, 245-256.

Parker, J. G. (1994). The lived experience of native americans with diabetes within a transcultural nursing perspective. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 6, 5-11.

Paterson, B. L., & Sloan, J. (1994). A phenomenological study of the decision-making experience of individuals with long-standing diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes Care, 18, 10-19.

Paul, L. R. (1994). The first recurrence of cancer: Rebuilding the hopeful veneer. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Peyrot, M., McMurry, Jr., J. F., & Hedges, R. (1988). Marital adjustment to adult diabetes: Interpersonal congruence and spouse satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 363-376.

Phillips, M. J. (1985). Disability and ethnicity in conflict: A study in transformation. In M. Fine & A. Ash (Eds.), Women with disabilities (pp. 195-225). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Phillips, M. J. (1992). "Try harder": The experience of disability and the dilemma of normalization. In P. M. Ferguson, D. L. Ferguson, & S. J. Taylor (Eds.), Interpreting disability: A qualitative reader (pp. 213-227). New York: Teachers College Press.

Pierce, P. F. (1996). When the patient chooses: Describing unaided decisions in health care. Human Factors, 38, 278-287.

Pinder, R. (1988). Striking balances: Living with Parkinson's disease. In R. Anderson & M. Bury (Eds.), Living with chronic illness (pp. 67-88). Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Pinder, R. (1995). Bringing back the body without the blame?: The experience of ill and disabled people at work. Sociology of Health and Illness, 17, 605-631.

Pobl, C. M. (1992). The meaning of disability in a caring environment. Journal of Nursing Administration, 22, 29-35.

Powell-Cope, G. M. (1995). The experiences of gay couples affected by HIV infection. Qualitative Health Research, 5, 36-62.

Powell-Cope, G. M. (1996). HIV disease symptom management in the context of committed relationships. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 7 (3), 19-28.

Predeger, E. (1996). Womanspirit: A journey into healing through art in breast cancer. Advances in Nursing Science, 18, 48-58.

Price, M. J. (1988). Perceived uncertainty associated with the management trajectory of a chronic illness - diabetes mellitus. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Francisco.

Price, M. (1989). Qualitative analysis of the patient-provider interactions: The patient's perspective. The Diabetes Educator, 15, 144-148.

Price, M. (1993). Exploration of body listening: Health and physical self-awareness in chronic illness. Advances in Nursing Science, 15, 37-52.

Price, M. (1993). An experiential model of learning diabetes self-management. Qualitative Health Research, 3, 29-54.

Price-Lackey, P., & Cashman, J. (1996). Jenny's story: Reinventing oneself through occupation and narrative configuration. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 50, 306-314.

Primomo, J. (1989). Patterns of chronic illness management, psychosocial development, family and social environment and adaptation among diabetic women. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.

Quinn, A. A., Barton, J. A., & Maglivy, J. K. (1995). Weathering the storm: Metaphors and stories of living with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Nursing Research, 4, 19-27.

Radley, A., & Green, R. (1986). Bearing illness: Study of couples where the husband awaits coronary graft surgery. Social Science & Medicine, 23, 577-585.

Ragsdale, D., Kotarba, J. A., & Morrow Jr., J. R. (1992). Quality of life of hospitalized person with AIDS. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 24, 259-265.

Ragsdale, D., Kotarba, J. A,. & Morrow Jr., J. R. (1994). How HIV+ persons manage everyday life in the hospital and at home. Qualitative Health Research, 4, 431-443.

Raleigh, E. D. H. (1992). Sources of hope in chronic illness. Oncology Nursing Forum, 19, 443-448.

Rauyajin, O., Kamthornwachara, B., & Yablo, P. (1995). Socio-cultural and behavioural aspects of mosquito-borne lymphatic filariasis in Thailand: A qualitative analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 41, 1705-1713.

Rawnsley, M. M. (1994). Recurrence of cancer: A crisis of courage. Cancer Nursing, 17, 342-347.

Remien, R. H., Carballo-Dieguez, A., & Wagner, G. (1995). Intimacy and sexual risk behaviour in serodiscordant male couples. AIDS CARE, 7, 429-438.

Riessman, C. K. (1990). Strategic uses of narrative in the presentation of self and illness: A research note. Social Science & Medicine, 30, 1195-1200.

Rintala, D. H., Young, M. E., Spencer, J. C., & Bates, P. S. (1996). Family relationships and adaptation to spinal cord injury: A qualitative study. Rehabilitation Nursing, 21 (2), 67-74, 90.

Rittman, M., Northsea, C., Hausauser, N. Green, C., & Swanson, L. (1993). Living with renal failure. ANNA Journal, 20, 327-331.

Roberson, M. H. B. (1992). The meaning of compliance: Patient perspectives. Qualitative Health Research, 2, 7-26.

Robinson, I. (1988). Reconstructing lives: Negotiating the meaning of multiple sclerosis. In R. Anderson & M. Bury (Eds.), Living with chronic illness (pp. 43-66). Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Robinson, I. (1990). Personal narratives, social careers and medical courses: Analysing life trajectories in autobiographies of people with multiple sclerosis. Social Science and Medicine, 30, 1173-1186.

Sandelowski, M., & Pollock, C. (1986). Women's experiences of infertility. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 18 (4), 140-144.

Scambler, G., & Hopkins, A. (1986). Being epileptic: Coming to terms with stigma. Sociology of Health and Illness, 8, 26-43.

Scambler, G., & Hopkins, A. (1990). Generating a model of epileptic stigma: The role of qualitative analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 30, 1187-1194.

Schaefer, K. M. (1995). Women living in paradox: Loss and discovery in chronic illness. Holistic Nursing Practice, 9, 63-74.

Scherer, M. J. (1988). Assistive device utilization and quality-of-life in adults with spinal cord injuries or cerebral palsy. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 19 (2), 21-30.

Schneider, J. W., & Conrad, P. (1980). In the closet with illness: Epilepsy, stigma potential and information control. Social Problems, 28, 32-44.

Schneider, J. W., & Conrad, P. (1983). Having epilepsy: The experience of control and illness. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Seals, B. F., Sowell, R. L., Demi, A. S., Moneyham, L., Cohen, L., & Guillory, J. (1995). Falling through the cracks: Social service concerns of women infected with HIV. Qualitative Health Research, 5, 496-515.

Sebring, D. L., & Moglia, P. (1987). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Psychosocial interventions for patients and their families. Health and Social Work, Spring, 113-120.

Shah, H. S. (1989). Psychosocial adjustment, self-concept, and sexual satisfaction of women with diabetes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Boston University, Boston.

Shaul, M. P. (1995). From early twinges to mastery: The process of adjustment in living with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research, 8, 290-297.

Shaul, M. P. (1995). Quality of life among older women with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Women & Aging, 7, 101-116.

Shaul, S., Dowling, P. J., & Laden, B. F. (1985). Like other women: Perspectives of mothers with physical disabilities. In M. J. Deegan & N. A. Brooks (Eds.), Women and disability: The double handicap (pp. 133-142). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

Siegel, K., & Krauss, B. J. (1991). Living with HIV infection: Adaptive tasks of seropositive gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 17-32.

Simon, B. L. (1985). Never-married old women and disability: A majority experience. In M. Fine & A. Ash (Eds.), Women with disabilities (pp. 215-225). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Sloan, R. S. (1996). A hermeneutical study of the medical treatment decision for end stage renal disease patients and their families. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Kentucky, Lexington.

Smeltzer, S. C. (1994). The concerns of pregnant women with multiple sclerosis. Qualitative Health Research, 4, 480-502.

Stein, H. F. (1992). The many-voiced cultural story line of a case of diabetes mellitus. The Journal of Family Practice, 35, 529-533.

Stewart, D. C., & Sullivan, T. J. (1982). Illness behavior and the sick role in chronic disease: The case of multiple sclerosis. Social Science & Medicine, 16, 1397-1404.

Stuifbergen, A. K., Becker, H. A., Ingalsbe, K., & Sands, D. (1990). Perceptions of health among adults with disabilities. Health Values, 14, 18-26.

Swanson, J. M., & Chenitz, W. C. (1993). Regaining a valued self: The process of adaptation to living with genital herpes. Qualitative Health Research, 3, 270-297.

Tewksbury, R. (1995). Sexual adaptations among gay men with HIV. In D. Sabo & D. F. Gordon (Eds.), Men's health and illness: Gender, power and the body (pp. 222-245). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Thoman-Touet, S. K. (1992). A qualitative study of the effect of chronic illness on marital quality. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames.

Thomas, C., & Parry, A. (1996). Research on users' views about stroke services: Towards an empowerment research paradigm or more of the same? Physiotherapy, 82 (1), 6-12.

Thompson, D. R., Ersser, S. J,. & Webster, R. A. (1995). The experiences of patients and their partners 1 month after a heart attack. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22, 707-714.

Thorne, S. E. (1990). Constructive noncompliance in chronic illness. Holistic Nursing Practice, 5, 62-69.

Thorne, S. E. (1990). Navigating troubled waters: Chronic illness experience in a health care crisis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Union Institute, Cincinnati.

Thorne, S. E. & Robinson, C. A. (1988). Health care relationships: The chronic illness perspective. Research in Nursing and Health, 11, 293-300.

Valentine, L., Bigner, J. J., Cook, A. S., & Guest, R. E. (1992). Assessment of the interpersonal themes in therapy of a person with AIDS. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 3 (2), 71-86.

Ventimiglia, J. (1986). Helping couples with neurological disabilities: A job description for clinical sociologists. Clinical Sociology Review, 4, 123-139.

Viney, L. L., & Bousfield, L. (1991). Narrative analysis: A method of psychosocial research for AIDS-affected people. Social Science & Medicine, 32, 757-765.

Wagenaar, H. (1995). An exploratory descriptive study of fatigue in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Unpublished master's thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax.

Walshe, C. (1995). Living with a venous leg ulcer: A descriptive study of patients' experiences. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22, 1092-1100.

Webber, K. S. (1985). Patient perceptions after a myocardial infarction: Interpreting the message. Unpublished master's thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax.

Whipple, B., Richards, E., Tepper, M., & Komisaruk, B. R. (1996). Sexual response in women with complete spinal cord injury. Sexuality and Disability, 14, 191-201.

Wikblad, K. F. (1991). Patient perspectives of diabetes care and education. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 837-844.

Wikblad, K. F. & Montin, K. R. (1992). Coping with a chronic disease. Diabetes Educator, 18, 316-320.

Willer, B., Allen, K., Durnan, M., & Ferry, A. (1990). Problems and coping strategies of mothers, siblings and young adult males with traumatic brain injury. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation, 3, 167-173.

Williams, G. (1984). The genesis of chronic illness: Narrative re-construction. Sociology of Health and Illness, 6, 175-200.

Wright, L. M., Bell, J. M., & Rock, B. L. (1989). Smoking behaviour and spouses: A case report. Family Systems Medicine, 7, 158-171.

Wyatt, G., Kurtz, M. E., & Liken, M. (1993). Breast cancer survivors: An exploration of quality of life issues. Cancer Nursing, 16, 440-448.

Yoshida, K. K. (1991). Life reconstruction among individuals with spinal cord injuries: A sociological analysis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto.

Yoshida, K. K. (1993). Reshaping of self: A pendular reconstruction of self and identity among adults with traumatic spinal cord injury. Sociology of Health and Illness, 15, 217-245.

Young, C. (1993). Spirituality and the chronically ill Christian elderly. Geriatric Nursing, 14, 298-303.

Zola, I. K. (1992). "Any distinguishing features?": The portrayal of disability in the crime-mystery genre. In P. M. Ferguson, D. L. Ferguson, & S. J. Taylor (Eds.), Interpreting disability: A qualitative reader (pp. 213-227). New York: Teachers College Press.


Appendix 2: Fatigue Meta-Study Primary Sources (N=33)

[Inclusion Criteria: qualitative interpretive research published 1980 through Jan 1999 in which the experience of fatigue was studied from the perspective of individuals with a chronic illness and there was sufficient methodological and demographic detail for indepth review]

Barton, J. A., Magilvy, J. K., & Quinn, A. A. (1994). Maintaining the fighting spirit: Veterans living with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Nursing Research, 3 (3), 86-96.

Berman, A. J. (1993). Sailing a course through chemotherapy: The experience of women with breast cancer. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Francisco.

Clements, A., Sharpe, M., Simkin, S., Borrill, J., & Hawton, K. (1997). Chronic fatigue syndrome: A qualitative investigation of patients' beliefs about the illness. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 42, 615-624.

Deatrick, J. A., Brennan, D., & Cameron, M. A. (1998). Mothers with multiple sclerosis and their children: Effects of fatigue and exacerbations on maternal support. Nursing Research, 47, 205-210

Dzurec, L. C. (1997). Experiences of fatigue and depression before and after low-dose
1-thryroxine supplementation in essentially euthyroid individuals. Research in Nursing & Health, 20, 389-398.

Erixon, G., Jerlock, M., & Dahlberg, K. (1997). Upplevelser av att leva med karlkamp. [Experiences of living with angina pectoris] [Swedish] Vard i Norden [Nursing Science & Research in the Nordic Countries], 17 (2), 34-38.

Ferrell, B. R., Grant, M., Dean, G. E., Funk, B., & Ly, J. (1996). "Bone tired": The experience of fatigue and its impact on quality of life. Oncology Nursing Forum, 23, 1539-1547.

Glaus, A., Crow, R., & Hammond, S. (1996). A qualitative study to explore the concept of fatigue/tiredness in cancer patients and in healthy individuals. European Journal of Cancer Care, 5 (2 suppl), 8-23.

Henriksson, C. M. (1995). Living with continuous muscular pain-Patient perspectives. Part II: Strategies for daily life. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 9, 77-86.

Hughey, D. R. (1991). A phenomenological-psychological study of the experience of chronic fatigue syndrome. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Saybrook Institute, San Francisco.

Jamar, S. (1989). Fatigue in women receiving chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. In S. Funk, E. Tornquist, M. Champagne, L. Copp, & R. Weise, R. (Eds.). Key Aspects of Comfort Management of Pain, Fatigue and Nausea. New York: Springer.

Krishnasamy, M. (1997). Exploring the nature and impact of fatigue in advanced cancer. International Journal of Palliative Care Nursing, 3 (3), 126-131.

LaCharity, L. A. (1997). The experiences of postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 19, 583-602.

Leidy, N. K., & Haase, J. E. (1996). Functional performance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A qualitative analysis. Advances in Nursing Science, 18 (3), 77-89.

Lerdal, A. (1998). A concept analysis of energy. Its meaning in the lives of three individuals with chronic illness. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 12, 3-10.

Libbus, M. K. (1996). Women's beliefs regarding persistent fatigue. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 17, 589-600.

Messias, D. K., Yeager, K. A., Dibble, S. L., & Dodd, M. J. (1997). Patients' perspective of fatigue while undergoing chemotherapy. Oncology Nursing Forum, 24 (1), 43-48.

Pearce, S. & Richardson, A. (1996). Fatigue in cancer: a phenomenological perspective. European Journal of Cancer Care, 5, 111-115.

Price, M. (1993). Exploration of body listening: Health and physical self-awareness in chronic illness. Advances in Nursing Science, 15 (4), 37-52.

Ream, E. & Richardson, A. (1997). Fatigue in patients with cancer and chronic obstructive airways disease: a phenomenological enquiry. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 34 (1), 44-53.

Rhodes, V. A., Watson, P. M., & Hanson, B. M. (1988). Patients' descriptions of the influence of tiredness and weakness on self-care abilities. Cancer Nursing, 11 (3), 186-194.

Richardson, A. & Ream, E. (1996). The experience of fatigue and other symptoms in patients receiving chemotherapy. European Journal of Cancer Care, 5 (Suppl. 2), 24-30.

Rose, L., Pugh, L. C., Lears, K., & Gordon, D. L. (1998). The fatigue experience: persons with HIV infection. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28, 295-304.

Schaefer, K. M. (1995). Struggling to maintain balance: a study of women living with fibromyalgia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21, 95-102.

Schaefer, K. M. (1997). Health patterns of women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, 565-571.

Schweitzer, R., Kelly, B., Foran, A., Terry, D., & Whiting, J. (1995). Quality of life in chronic fatigue syndrome. Social Science & Medicine, 41, 1367-1372.

Srivastava, R. H. (1989). Fatigue in end-stage renal disease patients. In S. Funk, E. Tornquist, M. Champagne, L. Copp, & R. Weise (Eds.). Key aspects of Comfcrt management of pain, fatigue and nausea. New York: Springer.

Stuifbergen, A. K., & Rogers, S. (1997). The experience of fatigue and strategies of self-care among persons with multiple sclerosis. Applied Nursing Research, 10 (1), 2-10.

Tack, B. B. (1990). Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: Conditions, strategies, and consequences. Arthritis Care and Research, 3 (2), 65-70.

Tierney, A. J., Taylor, J., & Closs, S. J. (1992). Knowledge, expectations, and experiences of patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 6 (2), 75-80.

Tuck, I., & Human, N. (1998). The experience of living with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 36 (2), 15-19.

van Servellen, G., Sarna, L., Jablonski, K. J. (1998). Women with HIV: Living with symptoms. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 20, 448-464.

Wagenaar, H. (1995). An exploratory descriptive study of fatigue in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Unpublished master's thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax.